Henry L. Stimson

Henry L. Stimson
Stimson in 1929
45th & 54th United States Secretary of War
In office
July 10, 1940 – September 21, 1945
PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman
DeputyRobert P. Patterson
John J. McCloy
Preceded byHarry H. Woodring
Succeeded byRobert P. Patterson
In office
May 22, 1911 – March 4, 1913
PresidentWilliam Howard Taft
DeputyRobert Shaw Oliver
Preceded byJacob M. Dickinson
Succeeded byLindley Miller Garrison
46th United States Secretary of State
In office
March 28, 1929 – March 4, 1933
PresidentHerbert Hoover
DeputyJoseph P. Cotton
William Castle
Preceded byFrank B. Kellogg
Succeeded byCordell Hull
Governor-General of the Philippines
In office
December 27, 1927 – February 23, 1929
PresidentCalvin Coolidge
DeputyEugene Allen Gilmore
Preceded byEugene Allen Gilmore (Acting)
Succeeded byEugene Allen Gilmore (Acting)
United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York
In office
January 1906 – April 8, 1909
PresidentTheodore Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Preceded byHenry Lawrence Burnett
Succeeded byHenry Wise
Personal details
Born
Henry Lewis Stimson

(1867-09-21)September 21, 1867
New York City, U.S.
DiedOctober 20, 1950(1950-10-20) (aged 83)
Huntington, New York, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseMabel Wellington White
ParentLewis Stimson
EducationYale University (BA)
Harvard University (LLB)
Signature
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
RankBrigadier General
Battles/warsWorld War I

Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 – October 20, 1950) was an American statesman, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. Over his long career, he emerged as a leading figure in U.S. foreign policy by serving in both Republican and Democratic administrations. He served as Secretary of War (1911–1913) under President William Howard Taft, Secretary of State (1929–1933) under President Herbert Hoover, and again Secretary of War (1940–1945) under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, overseeing American military efforts during World War II.

The son of the surgeon Lewis Atterbury Stimson and Candace C. Stimson (née Wheeler, daughter of Candace Thurber Wheeler) Stimson became a Wall Street lawyer after graduating from Harvard Law School. He served as a United States Attorney under President Theodore Roosevelt and prosecuted several antitrust cases. After he was defeated in the 1910 New York gubernatorial election, Stimson served as Secretary of War under Taft. He continued the reorganization of the United States Army that had begun under his mentor, Elihu Root. After the outbreak of World War I, Stimson became part of the Preparedness Movement. He served as an artillery officer in France after the United States entered the war. From 1927 to 1929, he served as Governor-General of the Philippines under President Calvin Coolidge.

In 1929, President Hoover appointed Stimson as Secretary of State. Stimson sought to avoid a worldwide naval race and thus helped negotiate the London Naval Treaty. He protested the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, which instituted the Stimson Doctrine of nonrecognition of international territorial changes that are executed by force. After World War II broke out in Europe, Stimson accepted President Franklin Roosevelt's appointment to return as Secretary of War. After the U.S. entered the war, Stimson, working very closely with Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall, took charge of raising and training 13 million soldiers and airmen, supervised the spending of a third of the nation's GDP on the Army and the Air Forces, helped formulate military strategy, and oversaw the Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bombs. He supported the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. During and after the war, Stimson strongly opposed the Morgenthau Plan, which would have deindustrialized and partitioned Germany into several smaller states. He also insisted on judicial proceedings against Nazi war criminals, which led to the Nuremberg trials.

Stimson retired from office in September 1945 and died in 1950.