Hepatitis B vaccine

Hepatitis B vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
Vaccine description
TargetHepatitis B virus
Vaccine typeSubunit
Clinical data
Trade namesRecombivax HB, Engerix-B, Heplisav-B, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607014
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular (IM)
Drug classAntiviral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
KEGG
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Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B.[13] The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that.[13] This includes those with poor immune function such as from HIV/AIDS and those born premature.[13] It is also recommended that health-care workers be vaccinated.[14] In healthy people, routine immunization results in more than 95% of people being protected.[13]

Blood testing to verify that the vaccine has worked is recommended in those at high risk.[13] Additional doses may be needed in people with poor immune function but are not necessary for most people.[13] In those who have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) but not immunized, hepatitis B immune globulin should be given in addition to the vaccine.[13] The vaccine is given by injection into a muscle.[13]

Serious side effects from the hepatitis B vaccine are very uncommon.[13] Pain may occur at the site of injection.[13] It is safe for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.[13] It has not been linked to Guillain–Barré syndrome.[13] Hepatitis B vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA techniques and contain immunologic adjuvant.[13] They are available both by themselves and in combination with other vaccines.[13]

The first hepatitis B vaccine was approved in the United States in 1981.[15] A recombinant version came to market in 1986.[13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[16] Both versions were developed by Maurice Hilleman and his team.[17][18][19]

  1. ^ "Hepatitis b adult vaccine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. 27 April 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  2. ^ "Engerix B SmPC". Datapharm. 24 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  3. ^ "HBVaxPro SmPC". Datapharm. 12 March 2019. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference FDA Heplisav was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference FDA Recombivax HB was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference FDA Engerix-B was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference FDA PreHevbrio was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ "Hepatitis B Vaccine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. 1 September 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  9. ^ "Heplisav B EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference PreHevbri EPAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Heplisav B Product information". Union Register of medicinal products. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference PreHevbri EU approval was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o World Health Organization (July 2017). "Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2017" (PDF). Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 92 (27): 369–92. hdl:10665/255873. PMID 28685564.
  14. ^ Chen W, Gluud C (October 2005). "Vaccines for preventing hepatitis B in health-care workers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD000100. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000100.pub3. PMID 16235273.
  15. ^ Moticka E (25 November 2015). A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology. Newnes. p. 336. ISBN 9780123983756.
  16. ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  17. ^ Tulchinsky TH (2018). "Maurice Hilleman: Creator of Vaccines That Changed the World". Case Studies in Public Health: 443–470. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-804571-8.00003-2. ISBN 9780128045718. PMC 7150172.
  18. ^ Oransky I (14 May 2005). "Maurice R. Hilleman". Lancet. 365 (9472): 1682. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66536-1. PMID 15912596. S2CID 46630955.
  19. ^ Offit PA (2007). "Chapter 8: Blood". Vaccinated: One Man's Quest to Defeat the World's Deadliest Diseases (PDF). HarperCollins. pp. 115–126, 136–140. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.