Its protonated derivatives bind anions via multiple hydrogen bonds.[3]
^Atkins, T. J.; Richman, J. E.; Oettle, W. F. (1978). "1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaazacyclooctadecane". Org. Synth. 58: 86. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.058.0086.
^Morooka, M.; Ohba, S.; Toriumi, K. (1992). "Electron-Density Distribution in Crystals of 1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaazacyclooctadecanecobalt(III) Trichloride, meso-[Co(hexaen)]Cl3 at 106 K". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science. 48 (4): 459–463. doi:10.1107/S0108768192002714.
^Fonari, Marina S.; Ganin, Eduard V.; Gelmboldt, Vladimir O.; Basok, Stepan S.; Luisi, Brian S.; Moulton, Brian (2008). "Binding of Fluoro-Containing Anions to Hexaazamacrocyclic Ligand: Competitive Interactions of Fluoride and Tetrafluoroborate Anions with Hexaprotonated [18]aneN6". Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 11 (5): 497–501. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2008.01.028.