Heyde's syndrome

Heyde's syndrome
A stenotic aortic valve with severe stenosis due to rheumatic heart disease
A stenotic aortic valve
SpecialtyCardiology, general surgery, Hematology
SymptomsAortic valve stenosis symptoms:

Chest pain (angina) or tightness Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down Fatigue or weakness Irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations Dizziness or fainting episodes Gastrointestinal bleeding symptoms: Occult (hidden) or overt (visible) blood in the stool Black, tarry stools (melena) Blood in vomit (hematemesis) Fatigue or weakness due to chronic blood loss

Anemia (low red blood cell count)
ComplicationsGastrointestinal bleeding, Iron-deficiency anemia, Cardiovascular complications, Thromboembolic events, and Endocarditis.
Usual onsetUncommon.
Duration23.8±39 months.
TypesAortic stenosis, gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand disorder.
CausesDeficiency of high-molecular-weight multimers of von Willebrand factor.
Risk factorsRecurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and heart failure.
Diagnostic methodCBC, coagulation studies, metabolic panel, and test for fecal occult blood.
Differential diagnosisAortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and evidence that supports the presence of AVWS.
PreventionUnknown.
TreatmentAortic valve replacement, medical therapy, endoscopic interventions, and colonic surgery.
MedicationNone.
PrognosisExcellent in patients who undergo aortic valve replacement, which is both effective and often curative.
Frequency7.5% of persons 75 years of age or older.
Deaths29.16% (from 48 to 62 per 100,000) and 22.7% (from 3.7 to 4.54 per 100,000) from 2007 to 2014.

Heyde's syndrome is a syndrome of gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia in the presence of aortic stenosis.[1][2]

It is named after Edward C. Heyde, MD, who first noted the association in 1958.[3] It is caused by cleavage of Von Willebrand factor (vWF) due to high shear stress forces from aortic valvular stenosis. This results in Von Willebrand disease type IIA (acquired).[4][5]

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