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The High Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation (also translated as the Supreme Court of Arbitration or the Higher Arbitration Court; Russian: Высший Арбитражный суд Российской Федерации) was the court of final instance in commercial disputes in Russia from 1992 to 2014. Additionally, it supervised the work of lower courts of arbitration and gave interpretation of laws and elucidations concerning their implementations, which are compulsory for lower courts. It was replaced by a 30-Judge Judicial Chamber for Commercial Disputes that is part of an expanded Russian Supreme Court effective August 8, 2014.[1]