Hindu Shahis

Hindu Shahis
Hindu Shahis
c. 843 CE–1026 CE
	KARAKHANID; KHANATE Cumans KIEVAN; RUS' Pechenegs Kimeks KHITAN EMPIRE Kyrgyzs SRIVIJAYA 1000 QOCHO KHOTAN GHAZNAVID; EMPIRE HINDU; SHAHIS BUYIDS WESTERN; CHALUKYAS PALA; EMPIRE OGHUZ; YABGUS SONG; DYNASTY PAGAN DALI KHMER FATIMID; CALIPHATE BYZANTINE; EMPIRE GO-; RYEO Location of the Hindu Shahis, and contemporary polities, c. 1000
	Samarkand Herat GHAZNAVIDS Balkh Kandahar Ghazni Kabul Multan MULTAN EMIRATE UTPALAS KHOTAN TOMARAS Bost Merv Bukhara Territory of the Hindu Shahis with neighbouring polities circa 1000. Kabul, first capital, with Udabhanda and Lahore
Capital	Kabul (843–870); Udabhandapura (870–1026);
Religion	Shaiva Hinduism
Government	Monarchy
Maharajadhiraja
• c. 843 CE	Kallar
• c. 850 CE	Samanta
• c. 880 CE	Lalliya
• c. 903 CE	Toramana
• c. 921 CE	Bhimadeva
• 964– 1001	Jayapala
• c. 1002 CE	Anandapala
• c. 1010 CE	Trilocanapala
• c. 1021 CE	Bhimapala
Historical era	Early Middle Ages
• Established	c. 843 CE
• Disestablished	1026 CE
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Turk Shahi
	Taank Kingdom
Ghaznavids
Today part of	Afghanistan; Pakistan; India

The Hindu Shahis, also referred to as the Kabul Shahis and Uḍi Śāhis, were a dynasty established between 843 CE and 1026 CE. They endured multiple waves of conquests for nearly two centuries and their core territory was described as having contained the regions of Eastern Afghanistan and Gandhara, encompassing the area up to the Sutlej river in modern day Punjab, expanding into the Kangra Valley. The empire was founded by Kallar in c. 843 CE after overthrowing Lagaturman, the last Turk Shahi king.

The history of the Hindu Shahis begins in 843 CE with Kallar deposing the last Turk Shahi ruler, Lagaturman. Samanta succeeded him, and it was during his reign that the region of Kabul was lost to the Persianate Saffarid empire.^[2] Lalliya replaced Samanta soon after and re-conquered Kabul whilst also subduing the region of Zabulistan.^[3]^[4] He is additionally noteworthy for coming into conflict with Samkaravarman of the Utpala dynasty, resulting in his victory and the latter's death in Hazara.^[5] Bhimadeva, the next notable ruler, is most significant for vanquishing the Samanid Empire in Ghazni and Kabul in response to their conquests.^[6] Jayapala then gained control and was brought into conflict with the newly formed Ghaznavid Empire, however, he was eventually defeated. During his rule and that of his son and successor, Anandapala, the kingdom of Lahore was conquered. The following Shahi rulers all resisted the Ghaznavids but were ultimately unsuccessful, resulting in the downfall of the empire in 1026 CE.

^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (j). ISBN 0226742210.
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[1] Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 146, map XIV.2 (j). ISBN 0226742210.

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