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Hindutva (/hɪnˈdʊtvə/; lit. 'Hindu-ness') is a political ideology encompassing the cultural justification of Hindu nationalism and the belief in establishing Hindu hegemony within India.[1][2][3][4] The political ideology was formulated by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1922.[5][6] It is used by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), the current ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),[7][8] and other organisations, collectively called the Sangh Parivar.
Inspired by European fascism,[9][10] the Hindutva movement has been variously described as a variant of right-wing extremism,[11] as "almost fascist in the classical sense", adhering to a concept of homogenised majority and cultural hegemony[12][13] and as a separatist ideology.[14][15] Some analysts dispute the identification of Hindutva with fascism and suggest that Hindutva is an extreme form of conservatism or ethno-nationalism.[16]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
BrownMcLean2018was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Haokip, Jangkholam (2014). Can God Save My Village?: A Theological Study of Identity among the Tribal People of North-East India with a Special Reference to the Kukis of Manipur. Langham Monographs. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-78368-981-1. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
Hindutva is a political ideology that does not necessarily represent the view of the majority of Hindus in India.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
GregoryJohnston2011was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
OED-online-hindutvawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ross, M.H. (2012). Culture and Belonging in Divided Societies: Contestation and Symbolic Landscapes. Book collections on Project MUSE. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8122-0350-9.
- ^ Sweetman, W.; Malik, A. (2016). Hinduism in India: Modern and Contemporary Movements. SAGE Publishing. p. 109. ISBN 978-93-5150-231-9.
- ^ "The Hindutva road". Frontline. 4 December 2004. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023.
- ^ Krishna 2011, p. 324.
- ^ Patricia M. Sant (1999). Indigeneity: Construction and Re/presentation. Nova Science Publishers. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-56072-674-6.
Hindutva, especially in their early stages, exemplify a process of ideological borrowing from both European fascism and a fabrication of " Vedic Hinduism " that defies the binarism of local/global.
- ^ Chaitanya Krishna, A. G. Noorani (2003). Fascism in India: Faces, Fangs, and Facts. Manak Publications. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-7827-067-8.
the archival evidence presented by Marzia Casolari conclusively shows how much the proponents of Hindutva admired European fascism; liberally borrowed from it and this influence continues even today.
- ^ Leidig, Eviane (17 July 2020). "Hindutva as a variant of right-wing extremism". Patterns of Prejudice. 54 (3): 215–237. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2020.1759861. hdl:10852/84144. ISSN 0031-322X.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
j3517631was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Frykenberg 2008, pp. 178–220: "This essay attempts to show how — from an analytical or from an historical perspective — Hindutva is a melding of Hindu fascism and Hindu fundamentalism."
- ^ Anthony Parel (2000). Gandhi, Freedom, and Self-rule. Lexington Books. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7391-0137-7. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
The agendas of Hindutva though strong on the issues of self - identity and self - definition, have tended to be separatist.
- ^ Siddharth Varadarajan (2002). Gujarat, the Making of a Tragedy. Penguin Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-14-302901-4.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Bhatt & Muktawas invoked but never defined (see the help page).