| Hip dysplasia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH),[1] developmental dislocation of the hip,[1] congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH)[2] |
 | |
| Congenital dislocation of the left hip in an elderly person. Closed arrow marks the acetabulum, open arrow the femoral head. | |
| Specialty | Pediatrics, orthopedics |
| Symptoms | None, hip aches, one leg shorter, limping[1] |
| Complications | Arthritis[3] |
| Risk factors | Family history, swaddling, breech birth[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Physical exam, ultrasound[3] |
| Treatment | Bracing, casting, surgery[3] |
| Prognosis | Good (if detected early)[1] |
| Frequency | 1 in 1,000 (term babies)[3] |
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation.[1] Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life.[1] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old.[3] Occasionally one leg may be shorter than the other.[1] The left hip is more often affected than the right.[3] Complications without treatment can include arthritis, limping, and low back pain.[3] Females are affected more often than males.[1] Risk factors for hip dysplasia include female sex, family history, certain swaddling practices, and breech presentation whether an infant is delivered vaginally or by cesarean section.[3] If one identical twin is affected, there is a 40% risk the other will also be affected.[3] Screening all babies for the condition by physical examination is recommended.[3] Ultrasonography may also be useful.[3]
Many of those with mild instability resolve without specific treatment.[3] In more significant cases, if detected early, bracing may be all that is required.[3] In cases that are detected later, surgery and casting may be needed.[3] About 7.5% of hip replacements are done to treat problems which have arisen from hip dysplasia.[3]
About 1 in 1,000 babies have hip dysplasia.[3] Hip instability of meaningful importance occurs in one to two percent of babies born at term.[3] Females are affected more often than males.[1] Hip dysplasia was described at least as early as the 300s BC by Hippocrates.[4]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Your Orthopaedic Connection: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip". American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. October 2013.
- ^ "Definition: congenital dysplasia of the hip from Online Medical Dictionary".[dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Shaw, BA; Segal, LS; SECTION ON, ORTHOPAEDICS. (December 2016). "Evaluation and Referral for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants". Pediatrics. 138 (6): e20163107. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3107. PMID 27940740.
- ^ Bentley, George (2009). European Instructional Lectures: Volume 9, 2009; 10th EFORT Congress, Vienna, Austria. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 40. ISBN 9783642009662.