| Histidine Decarboxylase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Cartoon depiction of C-truncated HDC dimer with PLP residing in active site. | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 4.1.1.22 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 9024-61-7 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The enzyme histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22, HDC) is transcribed on chromosome 15, region q21.1-21.2, and catalyzes the decarboxylation of histidine to form histamine. In mammals, histamine is an important biogenic amine with regulatory roles in neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion and immune response.[1][2] Histidine decarboxylase is the sole member of the histamine synthesis pathway, producing histamine in a one-step reaction. Histamine cannot be generated by any other known enzyme.[citation needed] HDC is therefore the primary source of histamine in most mammals and eukaryotes. The enzyme employs a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) cofactor, in similarity to many amino acid decarboxylases.[3][4] Eukaryotes, as well as gram-negative bacteria share a common HDC, while gram-positive bacteria employ an evolutionarily unrelated pyruvoyl-dependent HDC.[5] In humans, histidine decarboxylase is encoded by the HDC gene.[2][6]
- ^ Epps HM (1945). "Studies on bacterial amino-acid decarboxylases: 4. l(-)-histidine decarboxylase from Cl. welchii Type A". The Biochemical Journal. 39 (1): 42–6. doi:10.1042/bj0390042. PMC 1258146. PMID 16747851.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: histidine decarboxylase".
- ^ Riley WD, Snell EE (October 1968). "Histidine decarboxylase of Lactobacillus 30a. IV. The presence of covalently bound pyruvate as the prosthetic group". Biochemistry. 7 (10): 3520–8. doi:10.1021/bi00850a029. PMID 5681461.
- ^ Rosenthaler J, Guirard BM, Chang GW, Snell EE (July 1965). "Purification and properties of histidine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus 30a". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 54 (1): 152–8. Bibcode:1965PNAS...54..152R. doi:10.1073/pnas.54.1.152. PMC 285813. PMID 5216347.
- ^ Kimura B, Takahashi H, Hokimoto S, Tanaka Y, Fujii T (August 2009). "Induction of the histidine decarboxylase genes of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (formally P. histaminum) at low pH". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 107 (2): 485–97. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04223.x. PMID 19302297.
- ^ Bruneau G, Nguyen VC, Gros F, Bernheim A, Thibault J (November 1992). "Preparation of a rat brain histidine decarboxylase (HDC) cDNA probe by PCR and assignment of the human HDC gene to chromosome 15". Human Genetics. 90 (3): 235–8. doi:10.1007/bf00220068. PMID 1487235. S2CID 23444983.