Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos

This article is about historical distortion, denialism, and negationism after the events of Marcos' life. For propaganda perpetuated by Marcos himself, see Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality.

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Ferdinand Marcos

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Second term
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President of the Philippines

Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos is a political phenomenon in the Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos was the country's president between 1965 and 1986. Distortion, falsification, or whitewashing of the historical record regarding this period,[1][2] sometimes referred to using the phrases "historical denialism", "historical negationism", or "historical revisionism" as a euphemism for negationism,[3][4] is an academically documented phenomenon[5] linked to the return of Marcos' immediate family and political allies to government positions,[6][7][8] as well as the hero's burial of Marcos himself in 2016.[5] It continues Marcos' own efforts to create a cult of personality for himself, which in itself involved various forms of historical distortion.[9][10]

Some of the earlier examples of distortion involved various instances of historical denialism by the remaining Marcos family members and their followers, which involved trivializing of the human rights violations and economic plunder that took place during the Marcos administration, as well as the role played by the Marcos children in the administration.[11][12][13]

Into the 2020s, various studies have uncovered systematic disinformation campaigns run by top public relations firm executives,[14][15] efforts to create a false impression of a scholarly body of pro-Marcos literature,[16] and the systematic use of click armies and digital black ops to spread strategic disinformation on social media.[17]

  1. ^ "Philippine government faces backlash amid claims it is trying to whitewash history of late dictator Marcos". The Straits Times. September 12, 2016. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  2. ^ Villamor, Felipe (November 8, 2016). "Philippines Can Give Hero's Burial to Ferdinand Marcos, High Court Rules". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  3. ^ "Martial law and historical revisionism: A holistic understanding". April 30, 2016. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  4. ^ "A Manual for Historical Revisionists". Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Ong, Jonathan Corpus; Cabañes, Jason Vincent A. (2018). "Architects of Networked Disinformation: Behind the Scenes of Troll Accounts and Fake News Production in the Philippines" (PDF). www.newtontechfordev.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference CMFR20160310 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Hernando-Malipot, Merlina (September 7, 2018). "UP faculty vows to fight historical revisionism". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  8. ^ de Ynchausti, Nik (September 23, 2016). "Why has Marcos' propaganda lived on?". Esquire Magazine Philippines. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  9. ^ Root, Hilton L., Three Asian Dictators: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (January 16, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716732 Archived October 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Mark M. Turner (1990). "Authoritarian rule and the dilemma of legitimacy: The case of President Marcos of the Philippines, The Pacific Review". The Pacific Review. 3–4: 349–362. doi:10.1080/09512749008718886.
  11. ^ "Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines 22 November – 5 December 1975" (PDF). Amnesty International Publications. September 1976. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  12. ^ "PCGG welcomes Singapore court decision on Marcos' Swiss funds". Rappler. January 4, 2015. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  13. ^ Ayee Macaraig (August 26, 2015). "Marcos on dad's regime: What am I to apologize for?". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference leeds was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference philstarAdExecs was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference rapplerunpack was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference disinformationarchitects was invoked but never defined (see the help page).