Historical regions of Romania

The historical regions of Romania are located in Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Europe.[1] Romania came into being through the unification of two principalities, Wallachia and Moldavia in 1862.[2] The new unitary state extended over further regions at various times during the late 19th and 20th centuries, including Dobruja in 1878, and Transylvania in 1918.[3]

These regions are part of Romania today:

Wallachia (united with Moldavia in 1859 to create modern Romania):

Moldavia (united with Wallachia in 1859 to create modern Romania):

Dobruja:

Wallachia, western Moldavia, and Dobruja are sometimes referred collectively as the Regat (The Kingdom), as they formed the Romanian "Old" Kingdom before World War I.

Transylvania (the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also part of the historical regions of Crișana, Maramureș, and Banat. The new borders were set by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 between the respective states):

Between 1918 and 1920, during the Revolutions and interventions in Hungary, the Hungarian–Romanian War affected also part of these territories until the final resolution of state affairs by the Paris Peace Conference.

Administrative map of Romania in 1930

These regions and territories were part of Romania in the past:

  • Bessarabia: this territory was part (as the eastern half) of Moldavia until 1812, when it was incorporated into the Russian Empire. The entire region became part of Romania from 1918 to 1940 when it was occupied by the Soviets. Romania managed to annex it again in 1941, but lost it back in 1944, during World War II.[7]
  • Southern Bessarabia (including a part of Budjak): in 1856, the southern part of Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which united with Wallachia in 1859 to create modern Romania. In 1878, Romania was pressured into exchanging this territory for the Dobruja, and Russian rule was restored over it.
  • Northern Bukovina: the region was part of Romania from 1918 to 1940 when it was occupied by the Soviets; Romania managed to annex it again in 1941, but lost it in 1944. Today it is part of the Chernivtsi Oblast in Ukraine.[8]
  • Hertsa region: a territory of Moldavia, it was part of Romania from 1859 to 1940, when it was occupied by the Soviets; Romania managed to annex it again in 1941, but lost it in 1944. Today it is part of the Chernivtsi Oblast in Ukraine.[9]
  • Southern Dobruja: was annexed from Bulgaria in 1913, after the Second Balkan War. It became Bulgarian again after 1940.[10]
  • Snake Island: an island located in the Black Sea, that was part of Romania between 1878 and 1948.
Principality of Moldavia during the reign of Stephen the Great

Others:

  1. ^ Treptow & Popa 1996, p. 1, Map 2.
  2. ^ Treptow & Popa 1996, p. 13.
  3. ^ Treptow & Popa 1996, pp. 14–15.
  4. ^ Treptow & Popa 1996, p. 151.
  5. ^ Treptow & Popa 1996, pp. 80–81.
  6. ^ Treptow & Popa 1996, pp. 125–126.
  7. ^ "Bessarabia - region, Eastern Europe".
  8. ^ "The Soviet Occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina".
  9. ^ "Ţinutul Herţa. Povestea colţului uitat de Românie furat de sovietici - PSIHOLOGIE - ISTORIE - TEATRU". www.hetel.ro. Archived from the original on 2019-01-08. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  10. ^ "1940: Treaty of Craiova and the return of Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria".
  11. ^ "ROMÂNIA ȘI GUVERNĂMÎNTUL TRANSNISTRIEI (1941-1944)". 30 November 2015.
  12. ^ Niemczyk, Katarzyna (2014). "Problem Pokucia, spornego terytorium polsko-mołdawskiegow końcu XV i początku XVI wieku". Studia Historyczne (in Polish). 226 (2): 155–174.
  13. ^ Luchian, Mihai (2019). "The Peace Mission Fulfilled by the Romanian Army in Galicia in 1919" (PDF). International Journal of Communication Research. 9 (2): 113–119.
  14. ^ Borchuk, Stepan; Korolko, Andrii; Reient, Alexander (2020). "Accession of Part of Eastern Galicia to Romania in 1919: Military and Political Aspects". Codrul Cosminului. 26 (1): 169–186. doi:10.4316/CC.2020.01.010.