History of Islamism

This article is about the history of an Islamic political ideology and political movement. For a history of the religion itself, see History of Islam.
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Islamism a religio-political ideology that seeks to revive Islam to its past assertiveness and glory,[1] purify it of foreign elements, reassert its role into "social and political as well as personal life"[2] where "government and society are ordered in accordance with laws prescribed by Islam" (aka Sharia).[3][4] [5][6]

It is thought to have started to form towards the end of the 19th Century with Sayyid Rashid Rida,[7] developed as an idea "more or less in 1940" (according to Olivier Roy),[8] under Hassan al-Banna (founder of the Muslim Brotherhood), Sayyid Qutb, Abul A'la Maududi, and Ruhollah Khomeini;[9] surprising the world with the overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979, and going on to "arguably" alter "the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" (according to author Robin Wright).[10]

As of 2020, at least some observers have detected a decline in the vigor and popularity of the ideology,[11] as well a backlash against Islamist rule in some countries (Turkey, Iran, and Sudan).[12]

  1. ^ Burgat, François, "The Islamic Movement in North Africa", U of Texas Press, 1997, pp. 39–41, 67–71, 309
  2. ^ Berman, Sheri (2003). "Islamism, Revolution, and Civil Society". Perspectives on Politics. 1 (2): 258. doi:10.1017/S1537592703000197 (inactive 1 November 2024). S2CID 145201910.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  3. ^ BYERS, DYLAN (5 April 2013). "AP Stylebook revises 'Islamist' use". Politico. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  4. ^ Shepard, W. E. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism: A Translation and Critical Analysis of Social Justice in Islam. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. (1996). p. 40
  5. ^ Tibi, Bassam (2007-03-01). "The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 8 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1080/14690760601121630. ISSN 1469-0764.
  6. ^ Bale, Jeffrey M. (2009-06-01). "Islamism and Totalitarianism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 10 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1080/14690760903371313. ISSN 1469-0764. S2CID 14540501.
  7. ^ Zhongmin, Liu (2013). "Commentary on "Islamic State": Thoughts of Islamism". Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (In Asia). 7 (3). Routledge: Taylor & Francis group: 23–28. doi:10.1080/19370679.2013.12023226.
  8. ^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p.3
  9. ^ Fuller, Graham E., The Future of Political Islam, Palgrave MacMillan, (2003), p. 120
  10. ^ Wright, Robin (10 January 2015). "A Short History of Islamism". Newsweek. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Roy-2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Akyol, Mustafa (June 12, 2020). "How Islamists are Ruining Islam". Hudson Institute. Retrieved 30 December 2020.