Celtic tribe belonging to the Insubres group 590–222 BC
Roman Republic 222–27 BC
Roman Empire 27 BC–AD 395
Kingdom of Italy 476–493
Ostrogothic Kingdom 493–553
Eastern Roman Empire 553–569
Lombard Kingdom 569–774
Carolingian Empire 774–781
Holy Roman Empire 1014–1114
Free Commune 1114–1259
Lordship of Milan 1259–1395
Duchy of Milan 1395–1447
Golden Ambrosian Republic 1447–1450
Transpadane Republic 1796-1797
Cisalpine Republic 1797–1802
Italian Republic 1802–1805
Kingdom of Italy 1805–1814
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 1815–1859
Kingdom of Sardinia 1859–1861
Kingdom of Italy 1861–1943
Italian Social Republic 1943–1945
Italian Republic 1946–present
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Milan is an ancient city in northern Italy first settled under the name Medhelanon in about 590 BC[1] by a Celtic tribe belonging to the Insubres group and belonging to the Golasecca culture.[2][1] It was conquered by the ancient Romans in 222 BC, who latinized the name of the city into Mediolanum.[2][1] The city's role as a major political centre dates back to the late antiquity, when it served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire.[3]
From the 12th century until the 16th century, Milan was one of the largest European cities and a major trade and commercial centre, as the capital of the Duchy of Milan, one of the greatest political, artistic and fashion forces in the Renaissance.[4][5] Having become one of the main centres of the Italian Enlightenment during the early modern period, it then became one of the most active centres during the Restoration, until its entry into the unified Kingdom of Italy. From the 20th century onwards Milan became the industrial and financial capital of Italy,[6][7] one of the economic capitals of Europe and a global financial centre.[8][9]
- ^ a b c "Cronologia di Milano dalla fondazione fino al 150 d.C." (in Italian). Retrieved 11 July 2018.
- ^ a b Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009). Urban World History. Québec: Press de l'Université du Québec. p. 274. ISBN 978-2-7605-1588-8.
- ^ "Quando Milano era capitale dell'Impero". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 24 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ Scott, Tom (2012). The City-State in Europe, 1000–1600: Hinterland, Territory, Region. OUP Oxford. p. 17. ISBN 978-0199274604.
- ^ "Storia del ducato di Milano: dai Visconti ai Sforza". Cavalleria San Maurizio (in Italian). 20 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ "Milan – story of a business capital of Europe". Italian Business Tips. 23 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ "Milan | History, Population, Climate, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ "Milan, Italy's Industrial and Financial Capital". 18 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ^ Astolfi, Marco; Romano, Delia (2007). Geoatlas (in Italian). Vol. 2. Bergamo: Atlas. pp. 56–57. ISBN 978-88-268-1362-2.