Archery, or the use of bow and arrows, was probably developed in Africa by the later Middle Stone Age (approx. 70,000 years ago). It is documented as part of warfare and hunting from the classical period (where it figures in the mythologies of many cultures)[1] until the end of the 19th century, when bow and arrows was made functionally obsolete by the invention and spread of repeating firearms (though in hunting they are still used).[2]
Archers were a widespread if supplemental part of the military in the classical period, and bowmen fought on foot, in chariots or mounted on horses. Archery rose to prominence in Europe in the later medieval period, where victories such as the Battle of Agincourt cemented the longbow in military lore.[3][4]
Archery in both hunting and warfare was eventually replaced by firearms in Europe in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period. Firearms eventually diffused throughout Eurasia via the Gunpowder empires, gradually reducing the importance of archery in warfare throughout the world.[2]
Archery is still practiced today, for hunting[5] and as a target sport.[6]
- ^ Whitman, Theodore R. (3 August 2017). The History of Archery. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-9742-6255-7.
- ^ a b "Archery history: Tribal use of the bow and arrow through the modern day | World Archery". www.worldarchery.sport. 3 September 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ "Bow and arrow | History, Construction & Uses | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 1 July 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ "Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces. How The Professionals Fight And Win. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.488-Tactics And Techniques, Survival. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9
- ^ "Archery | Types, Equipment & Techniques | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 10 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.