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Elements of the supernatural and the fantastic were an element of literature from its beginning. The modern fantasy genre is distinguished from tales and folklore which contain fantastic elements, first by the acknowledged fictitious nature of the work, and second by the naming of an author.[citation needed] Authors like George MacDonald (1824–1905) created the first explicitly fantastic works.
Later, in the twentieth century, the publication of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien enormously influenced fantasy writing,[1] establishing the form of epic fantasy. This also did much to establish the genre of fantasy as commercially distinct and viable. Today, fantasy continues as an expansive, multi-layered milieu encompassing many subgenres, including traditional high fantasy, sword and sorcery, fairytale fantasy, and dark fantasy.
- ^ Curry, Alexandria (December 18, 2015). "J.R.R. Tolkien and his Influence on Modern Fantasy Writer Tamora Pierce". E-Publications@Marquette.