History of the Jews in Latvia

Latvian Jews
Latvijas ebreji
יהדות לטביה
Regions with significant populations
 Latvia8,094 (2021, including Karaim and Krymchaks)[1]
Languages
Hebrew, Russian, Latvian, German (historically), and Yiddish
Religion
Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Jews, Ashkenazi Jews, Belarusian Jews, Russian Jews, Lithuanian Jews, Estonian Jews, Polish Jews
The location of Latvia (dark green) in Europe

The history of the Jews in Latvia dates back to the first Jewish colony established in Piltene in 1571.[2] Jews contributed to Latvia's development until the Northern War (1700–1721), which decimated Latvia's population.[3] The Jewish community reestablished itself in the 18th century, mainly through an influx from Prussia, and came to play a principal role in the economic life of Latvia.[2]

Under an independent Latvia, Jews formed political parties and participated as members of parliament. The Jewish community flourished. Jewish parents had the right to send their children to schools using Hebrew as the language of instruction, as part of a significant network of minority schools.[2]

World War II ended the prominence of the Jewish community. Under Stalin, Jews, who formed only 5% of the population, constituted 12% of the deportees.[4] 80% of Latvia's Jewish population was murdered in the Holocaust.[4]

Today's Jewish community traces its roots to survivors of the Holocaust, Jews who fled to the USSR's interior to escape the German invasion and later returned, and mostly to Jews newly immigrated to Latvia from the Soviet Union. The Latvian Jewish community today is small but active.

  1. ^ https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/sites/pmlp/files/media_file/isvn_latvija_pec_ttb_vpd.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Dribin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ R. O. G. Urch. Latvia: Country and People. London, Allen & Unwin. 1938.
  4. ^ a b Swain, G. Between Stalin and Hitler. Routledge, New York. 2004.