History of the Jews in Monastir

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The history of the Jews in Monastir (present-day Bitola, North Macedonia) and its region reaches back two thousand years. The Monastir Province was an Ottoman vilayet, created in 1864, encompassing territories in present-day Albania, North Macedonia (one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991) and Greece.

On March 11, 1943, the Sephardic Jewish community of Monastir, historically the largest Jewish community in Macedonia was deported. The Jews who trace their ancestry to the Macedonian city known since 1913 as Bitola continue to call the city by the name it bore during centuries of Ottoman rule: Monastir.

Between 1941 and 1944, Bulgaria, in alliance with Nazi Germany, occupied the Yugoslav province of Macedonia. On March 11, 1943, in cooperation with the Germans, Bulgarian military and police officials rounded up 3,276 of Monastir's Jewish men, women, and children, deported them to German-controlled territory and turned them over to the custody of German officials. The Germans transported the Jewish population of Monastir and environs to their deaths in Treblinka as part of their plan to murder all European Jews.