The New York City Police Department (NYPD) originates in the Government of New York City attempts to control rising crime in early- to mid-19th-century New York City. The City's reforms created a full-time professional police force modeled upon London's Metropolitan Police, itself only formed in 1829. Established in 1845, the Municipal Police replaced the inadequate night watch system which had been in place since the 17th century, when the city was founded by the Dutch as New Amsterdam.
In 1857, the Municipal Police were tumultuously replaced by the Metropolitan Police, which consolidated other local police departments.
Late 19th and early 20th century trends included professionalization and struggles against corruption.