Medical condition
Medical condition
Hoffmann syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy and is not to be confused with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (a type of spinal muscular atrophy).
It was first documented in 1897 by Johann Hoffmann.[1] It has adult-onset symptoms and is comparable to the childhood-onset Kocher–Debré–Semelaigne syndrome. It is caused by low thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) with elevated TSH.[2][3][4][5]
- ^ "Myopathies associated with thyroid disease". MedLink Neurology. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
- ^ Vignesh, G; Balachandran, K; Kamalanathan, S; Hamide, A (March 2013). "Myoedema: A clinical pointer to hypothyroid myopathy". Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 17 (2): 352. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.109672. PMC 3683223. PMID 23776921.
- ^ Mangaraj, S; Sethy, G (October 2014). "Hoffman's syndrome - A rare facet of hypothyroid myopathy". Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 5 (4): 447–8. doi:10.4103/0976-3147.140025. PMC 4173264. PMID 25288869.
- ^ Udayakumar, N; Rameshkumar, AC; Srinivasan, AV (October 2005). "Hoffmann syndrome: presentation in hypothyroidism". Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 51 (4): 332–3. PMID 16388183.
- ^ Vasconcellos, LF; Peixoto, MC; de Oliveira, TN; Penque, G; Leite, AC (September 2003). "Hoffman's syndrome: pseudohypertrophic myopathy as initial manifestation of hypothyroidism. Case report". Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria. 61 (3B): 851–4. doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2003000500027. PMID 14595495.