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|
 A cow in Yorkshire | |
| Other names | Holstein cattle, Friesian cattle |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Netherlands, Germany |
| Distribution | Worldwide |
| Use | Dairy farming |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
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| Height |
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| Coat | black and white pied; also red and white. |
| Horn status | horned, mainly dehorned as calves |
| Notes | |
| originally a dual-purpose breed, used for both dairy and beef | |
| |
The Holstein Friesian is an international breed or group of breeds of dairy cattle. It originated in Frisia, stretching from the Dutch province of North Holland to the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It is the dominant breed in industrial dairy farming worldwide, and is found in more than 160 countries.[1][2] It is known by many names, among them Holstein, Friesian and Black and White.[2]
With the growth of the New World, a demand for milk developed in North America and South America, and dairy breeders in those regions at first imported their livestock from the Netherlands. However, after about 8,800 Friesians (black pied German cows) had been imported, Europe stopped exporting dairy animals due to disease problems.[3]
Today, the breed is used for milk in the north of Europe, and for meat in the south of Europe. After 1945, European cattle breeding and dairy products became increasingly confined to certain regions due to the development of national infrastructure. This change led to the need to designate some animals for dairy production and others for beef production; previously, milk and beef had been produced from dual-purpose animals. Today, more than 80% of dairy production takes place north of the line between Bordeaux and Venice, and more than 60% of the cattle in Europe are found there as well. Today's European breeds, national derivatives of the Dutch Friesian, have become very different animals from those developed by breeders in the United States, who use Holsteins only for dairy production.
As a result, breeders have imported specialized dairy Holsteins from the United States to cross-breed them with European black-and-whites. Today, the term "Holstein" is used to describe North or South American stock and the use of that stock in Europe, particularly in Northern Europe. "Friesian" is used to describe animals of traditional European ancestry that are bred for both dairy and beef use. Crosses between the two are described as "Holstein-Friesian".
- ^ "Gateway to dairy production and products". FAO (fao.org). Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
dad2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ CIV, France, a tradition of animal husbandry. Animal husbandry and environment Archived 2013-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. Civ-viande.org. Retrieved on 2011-11-03.