Hong Kong 香港 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Other official names
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_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg) Location of Hong Kong within China | |||||||
| Sovereign state | China | ||||||
| British possession | 26 January 1841 | ||||||
| Treaty of Nanking | 29 August 1842 | ||||||
| Convention of Peking | 24 October 1860 | ||||||
| New Territories lease | 9 June 1898 | ||||||
| Imperial Japanese occupation | 25 December 1941 to 30 August 1945 | ||||||
| Re-designated as a British Dependent Territory | 1 January 1981 | ||||||
| Sino-British Joint Declaration | 19 December 1984 | ||||||
| Handover to China | 1 July 1997 | ||||||
| Administrative centre | Tamar | ||||||
| Largest district by population | Sha Tin | ||||||
| Official languages | |||||||
| Cantonese[a] | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese[b] English alphabet | |||||||
| Ethnic groups (2021) | 91.6% Chinese 2.7% Filipino 1.9% Indonesian 0.8% White 0.6% Indian 0.4% Nepalese 2% other[6] | ||||||
| Demonym(s) | Hongkonger Hongkongese | ||||||
| Government | Devolved executive-led government within a unitary one-party state[7] | ||||||
| John Lee | |||||||
| Eric Chan | |||||||
| Andrew Leung | |||||||
| Andrew Cheung | |||||||
| Legislature | Legislative Council | ||||||
| National representation | |||||||
| 36 deputies | |||||||
| 203 delegates[8] | |||||||
| Area | |||||||
• Total | 2,754.97[9] km2 (1,063.70 sq mi) (168th) | ||||||
• Water (%) | 59.70% (1,640.62 km2; 633.45 sq mi)[9] | ||||||
• Land | 1,114.35 km2 (430.25 sq mi)[9] | ||||||
| Highest elevation | 957 m (3,140 ft) | ||||||
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | ||||||
| Population | |||||||
• 2023 estimate |  7,498,100[10] | ||||||
• 2021 census | 7,413,070[11] | ||||||
• Density | 6,801[12]/km2 (17,614.5/sq mi) (4th) | ||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate | ||||||
• Total |  $570.082 billion[13] (44th) | ||||||
• Per capita | $75,128[13] (12th) | ||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate | ||||||
• Total | $406.775 billion[13] (38th) | ||||||
• Per capita | $53,606[13] (19th) | ||||||
| Gini (2021) |  39.7[c][14]medium | ||||||
| HDI (2022) |  0.956[15]very high · 4th | ||||||
| Currency | Hong Kong dollar (HK$) (HKD) | ||||||
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (HKT) | ||||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy yyyy年mm月dd日 | ||||||
| Mains electricity | 220 V–50 Hz | ||||||
| Driving side | left[d] | ||||||
| Calling code | +852 | ||||||
| ISO 3166 code | |||||||
| Internet TLD | |||||||
| Number plate prefixes | None for local vehicles, 粤Z for cross-boundary vehicles | ||||||
Hong Kong[e] is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With 7.4 million residents of various nationalities[f] in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the world.
Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing dynasty ceded Hong Kong Island in 1841–1842 as a consequence of losing the First Opium War. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and was further extended when the United Kingdom obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II. The territory was handed over from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country, two systems.[g]
Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages,[18][19] the territory is now one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. Hong Kong is the world's third-ranked global financial centre (behind New York City and London), ninth-largest exporter, and eighth-largest importer. Its currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the ninth most traded currency in the world. Home to the seventh-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, Hong Kong has the largest number of ultra high-net-worth individuals.[20] Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, severe income inequality exists among the population. Despite being the city with the most skyscrapers in the world, housing in Hong Kong is consistently in high demand.
Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.956, ranking fourth in the world and currently the only place in Asia to be in the top 5. The city has the highest life expectancy in the world, and a public transport usage exceeding 90 per cent.
- ^ Leung 2016.
- ^ Official Languages Ordinance.
- ^ Population By-Census 2021, pp. 31, 51–52
- ^ Legislative Council Disclaimer and Copyright Notice
- ^ Use of Chinese in Court Proceedings 2011
- ^ Population By-Census 2021, p. 46.
- ^ "China (People's Republic of) 1982 (rev. 2004)". Constitute project. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ Cheung 2017.
- ^ a b c "Survey and Mapping Office – Circulars and Publications". Survey and Mapping Office. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ "Mid-year population for 2023" (Press release). Census and Statistics Department. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "Key statistics of the 2021 and 2011 Population Census" (PDF). census2021.gov.hk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
- ^ "Main Tables – 2021 Population Census". census2021.gov.hk. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (HK)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 11 April 2024. Archived from the original on 2 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Household Income Distribution 2021, p. 5
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Technical Legislative Amendments on Traffic Arrangements for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 2017
- ^ Basic Law Chapter III Article 24.
- ^ Carroll 2007, pp. 15–21.
- ^ Ren 2010, p. 221.
- ^ Kirschner, Kylie (10 September 2023). "The top 10 cities around the world with the most ultra-wealthy people". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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