Hong Taiji

Hong Taiji
皇太極
Portrait in the Hong Kong Palace Museum
Emperor of the Qing dynasty
Reign1636 – 21 September 1643
PredecessorHimself (as Khan of the Later Jin dynasty)
SuccessorShunzhi Emperor
Khan of the Later Jin dynasty
Reign20 October 1626 – 1636
PredecessorNurhaci
SuccessorHimself (as Emperor of the Qing dynasty)
Born(1592-11-28)28 November 1592
(萬曆二十年 十月 二十五日)
Fu Ala, Manchuria, Ming
Died21 September 1643(1643-09-21) (aged 50)
(崇德八年 八月 九日)
Burial
Consorts
(died 1612)
(m. 1614)
(m. 1625)
(m. 1634; died 1641)
Issue
Names
Aisin-Gioro Hong Taiji (愛新覺羅·皇太極)
Manchu: Hong taiji (ᡥᠣᠩ
ᡨᠠᡳᠵᡳ
)
Era dates
  • Tiancong (天聰): 16 February 1627 – 6 February 1636
    Manchu: Abkai sure (ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠰᡠᠷᡝ)
    Mongolian: Тэнгэрийн сэцэн (ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ)
  • Chongde (崇德): 7 February 1636 – 7 February 1644
    Manchu: Wesihun erdemungge (ᠸᡝᠰᠢᡥᡠᠨ
    ᠡᠷᡩᡝᠮᡠᠩᡬᡝ
    )
    Mongolian: Дээд эрдэмт (ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠢ)
Regnal name
Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng (寬溫仁聖皇帝)
Bogda Chechen Khan (博格達徹辰汗)
Posthumous name
Emperor Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Rensheng Ruixiao Jingmin Zhaoding Longdao Xiangong Wen (應天興國弘德彰武寬溫仁聖睿孝敬敏昭定隆道顯功文皇帝)
Manchu: Genggiyen šu hūwangdi (ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ
ᡧᡠ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ
)
Temple name
Taizong (太宗)
Manchu: Taidzung (ᡨᠠᡳᡯ᠊ᡠ᠊ᠩ)
HouseAisin-Gioro
DynastyLater Jin (1626–1636)
Qing (1636–1643)
FatherNurhaci
MotherEmpress Xiaocigao
Hong Taiji
Traditional Chinese天聰汗
Simplified Chinese天聪汗
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTiāncōng Hán
Bopomofoㄊㄧㄢ ㄘㄨㄥ ㄏㄢˊ
Wade–GilesT'ien1-ts'ung1 Han2
IPA[tʰjɛ́n.tsʰʊ́ŋ xǎn]

Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty. He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchens to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636.