31°38′58″N 34°58′19″E / 31.6494720°N 34.9720070°E
Hebrew: חורבת עתרי, Arabic: Umm Suweid | |
 Archaeological remains at Hurvat Itri | |
  Shown within Israel | |
| Location | Jerusalem District, Israel  |
|---|---|
| Region | Shephelah |
| Type | settlement |
| Area | max 10 dunam |
| Height | 416 |
| History | |
| Periods | Second Temple period |
| Cultures | Second Temple Judaism, Roman |
| Associated with | Jews, Romans |
| Events | First Jewish-Roman War, Bar Kokhba Revolt |
| Site notes | |
| Archaeologists | Boaz Zissu, Amir Ganor |
| Condition | Partially restored |
| Public access | Open year round |
| "Horvat 'Ethri" is how the excavator, Boaz Zissu, transliterates the Hebrew name | |
Horvat 'Ethri (Hebrew: חורבת עתרי, lit. 'Ruin of Ethri'; also spelled Hurvat Itri, Ethri, Atari), or Umm Suweid (Arabic for "mother of the buckthorns"[1]), is an archaeological site situated in the Judean Lowlands in modern-day Israel. Excavations at the site have uncovered the remains of a partially restored Jewish village from the Second Temple period. The site features an ancient synagogue, wine presses, cisterns, mikvehs (ritual baths), stone ossuaries, and an underground hideout system.[2][3]
Damaged and temporarily abandoned during the First Jewish–Roman War, the village was ultimately and violently destroyed during the Bar Kokhba revolt, as evidenced by a destruction layer and a mass grave found in a mikveh, which contained the remains of fifteen individuals, including one showing signs of beheading, as well as broken tools and coins.[2]
The site is identified with Caphethra, a village on the Judaean Foothills mentioned by Josephus as destroyed during a campaign by units of the Legio V Macedonica in the area in 69 CE.[2][4][5]
- ^ Thus, according to the old Palestine maps. According to Gustaf Dalman, however, the name Suwwēd also carries the connotation of plum, meaning "mother of the plums" (Dalman, Gustaf (2013). Work and Customs in Palestine. Vol. I/2. Translated by Nadia Abdulhadi Sukhtian. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. pp. 577–578. ISBN 9789950385-01-6. OCLC 1040774903.)
- ^ a b c Zissu, Boaz [in Hebrew]; Ganor, Amir (2002). "chorevet atari - kfar yahodi mitkupat havit hashani beshpalet yehuda" חורבת עתרי - כפר יהודי מתקופת הבית השני בשפלת יהודה [Horvat Ethri - a Jewish village from the Second Temple period in the Judean Lowlands] (PDF). קדמוניות. 1 (123). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-08.
- ^ Zissu, Boaz [in Hebrew]; Ganor, Amir (2009). "Horvat Ethri — A Jewish Village from the Second Temple Period and the Bar Kokhba Revolt in the Judean Foothills". Journal of Jewish Studies. 60 (1). London: Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies: 92–96. doi:10.18647/2876/JJS-2009.
- ^ Rogers, Guy MacLean (2021). For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-300-24813-5.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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