Hoxnian Stage

Hoxnian
0.424 – 0.374 Ma
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Usage information
Celestial bodyEarth
Regional usageRegional
Used byUnited Kingdom
Definition
Chronological unitAge
Stratigraphic unitStage

The Hoxnian Stage was a middle Pleistocene stage of the geological history of the British Isles. It was an interglacial which preceded the Wolstonian Stage and followed the Anglian Stage. It is equivalent to Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11).[1][2][3][4] Marine Isotope Stage 11 started 424,000 years ago and ended 374,000 years ago.[5][6] The Hoxnian is divided into sub-stages Ho I to Ho IV.[7] It is likely equivalent to the Holstein Interglacial in Central Europe.

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  2. ^ McMillan, A. A. (2005). "A provisional Quaternary and Neogene lithostratigraphic framework Great Britain". Netherland Journal of Geosciences. 84 (2): 87–107. doi:10.1017/S0016774600022988.
  3. ^ Walker, M. (2005). Quaternary Dating Methods. Chichester UK: Wiley. ISBN 0-470-86927-5.
  4. ^ Gibbard, P. L.; Boreham, S.; Cohen, K. M. & Moscariello, A. (2007). "Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years v. 2007b" (jpg version 844 KB). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. Cambridge, England: Department of Geography, University of Cambridge.
  5. ^ Lisiecki, L. E. (2005). Ages of MIS boundaries.LR04 Benthic Stack Boston University, Boston, MA
  6. ^ Lisiecki, L. E. & Raymo, M. E. (2005). "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18
    O     records"     (PDF). Paleoceanography. 20: PA1003. Bibcode:2005PalOc..20.1003L. doi:10.1029/2004PA001071. hdl:2027.42/149224. S2CID 12788441.
  7. ^ Pettitt, Paul; White, Mark (2012). The British Palaeolithic: Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-415-67455-3.