Hubert Lyautey

Hubert Lyautey
Marshal Lyautey, May 1927
114th Minister of War
In office
12 December 1916 – 15 March 1917
PresidentRaymond Poincaré
Prime MinisterAristide Briand
Preceded byPierre Roques
Succeeded byPaul Painlevé
1st Resident-General of France in Morocco
In office
4 August 1907 – 25 August 1925
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byThéodore Steeg
Seat 14 of the Académie française
In office
31 October 1912 – 27 July 1934
Preceded byHenry Houssaye
Succeeded byLouis Franchet d'Espèrey
Personal details
Born(1854-11-17)17 November 1854
Nancy, French Empire
Died27 July 1934(1934-07-27) (aged 79)
Thorey, French Republic
Resting placeLes Invalides
NationalityFrench
SpouseInès de Bourgoing
Parents
  • Léon Lyautey (father)
  • Laurence de Villemotte (mother)
Alma materÉcole Spéciale Militaire
Signature
Military service
AllegianceFrench Third Republic Third Republic
Branch/serviceFrench Army
Years of service1873–1925
RankMarshal[a]
Battles/warsBlack Flags Rebellion

French Conquest of Morocco First World War

Zaian War

Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey[b] (17 November 1854[1] – 27 July 1934) was a French Army general and colonial administrator.

After serving in Indochina and Madagascar, he became the first French Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925. In early 1917, he served briefly as Minister of War. From 1921, he was a Marshal of France.[2] He was dubbed the French empire builder and in 1931 made the cover of Time.[3][4] Lyautey was also the first one to use the term "hearts and minds" as part of his strategy to counter the Black Flags rebellion during the Tonkin campaign in 1885.[5]


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  1. ^ Government of the French Empire. "Birth certificate of Lyautey, Hubert". culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  2. ^ Teyssier, Arnaud. Lyautey: le ciel et les sables sont grands. Paris: Perrin, 2004.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Fortnightly Review was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Singer, Barnett (1991). "Lyautey: An Interpretation of the Man and French Imperialism". Journal of Contemporary History. 26: 131–157. doi:10.1177/002200949102600107. S2CID 159504670.
  5. ^ Douglas Porch, "Bugeaud, Gallieni, Lyautey: The Development of French Colonial Warfare", in Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age, Peter Paret, ed. Princeton University Press, USA, 1986. p. 394.