 Flag adopted by the Aukin Wallmapu Ngulam in 1990. | |
 Catiguala, a cacique of the Huilliche in the 18th century | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 17,000 in Chiloé Archipelago[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Futahuillimapu and Chiloé Archipelago, Chile | |
| Languages | |
| Spanish (Chilean Spanish), Huilliche | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity (mainly Roman Catholic) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Cunco people, Mapuche people, Picunche people, Chilean people, Veliche people, Payos |
| willi "south" | |
|---|---|
| People | Huilliche |
| Language | Chedungun |
| Country | Futahuillimapu |
The Huilliche (Spanish pronunciation: [wi.ˈʝi.tʃe]), Huiliche or Huilliche-Mapuche are the southern partiality of the Mapuche macroethnic group in Chile and Argentina.[2] Located in the Zona Sur, they inhabit both Futahuillimapu ("great land of the south")[2] and, as the Cunco or Veliche[3][4] subgroup, the northern half of Chiloé Island.[5] The Huilliche are the principal indigenous people of those regions.[6] According to Ricardo E. Latcham the term Huilliche started to be used in Spanish after the second founding of Valdivia in 1645, adopting the usage of the Mapuches of Araucanía for the southern Mapuche tribes.[2] Huilliche means 'southerners' (Mapudungun willi 'south' and che 'people'.) A genetic study showed significant affinities between Huilliches and indigenous peoples east of the Andes, which suggests but does not prove a partial origin in present-day Argentina.[7]
During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, the mainland Huilliche were generally successful at resisting Spanish encroachment. However, after the Figueroa incursion of 1792 Huilliches were decisively defeated and their territory was gradually opened to European settlement beginning with the Parliament of Las Canoas. Today, most Huilliche speak Spanish, but some, especially older adults, speak the Huilliche language.[1] Laurelia sempervirens, known in Huilliche triwe and in Spanish as laurel, is the ritual tree of the Huilliche of Futahuillimapu.[8]
The main modern areas of Huilliche settlement are two; San Juan de la Costa west of Osorno and Compu-Chadmo in the southeast of Chiloé Island.[9]
- ^ a b "Huilliche". Ethnologue. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ a b c Alcamán, Eugenio (1997). "Los mapuche-huilliche del Futahuillimapu septentrional: Expansión colonial, guerras internas y alianzas políticas (1750–1792)" (PDF). Revista de Historia Indígena (in Spanish) (2): 29–76. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-28. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
- ^ Urbina, Ximena; Reyes, Omar; Belmar, Carolina A. (2020). "Canoeros en Chiloé: de facilitadores de las navegaciones españolas en los archipiélagos los Chonos y de Guayaneco, a productores y comerciantes, 1567-1792" [Coastal hunter gatherers in Chiloé: From facilitators of the navigation of Spaniards in the Chonos and Guayaneco archipelagoes to producers and traders, 1567–1792]. Chungara (in Spanish). 52 (2). doi:10.4067/S0717-73562020005000702.
- ^ Contreras Oyarzún, Constantino (2009). "Renato CÁRDENAS ÁLVAREZ y Jorge O. VÁSQUEZ V. Collags, poesía mapuche de Chiloé. Aproximaciones socioculturales a una compilación de poesía veliche hecha por Elias Necul de Caguach en 1887. Publicación de la Agrupación de Amigos Chachaén de la Biblioteca Pública de Achao: Imprenta Ojoentinta, 2008, 44 pp". Alpha (in Spanish). 29. doi:10.4067/S0718-22012009002900022.
- ^ "Poblaciones costeras de Chile: marcadores genéticos en cuatro localidades". Revista Médica de Chile. 126 (7). 1998. doi:10.4067/S0034-98871998000700002.
- ^ Villalobos et al. 1974, p. 49.
- ^ Rothhammer, Francisco; Puddu, Giannina; Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena (2017). "¿Puede el ADN mitocondrial proporcionar información sobre la etnogénesis de los pueblo originarios chilenos?" [Can mitochondrial DNA provide information on the ethnogenesis of Chilean native populations?]. Chungará (in Spanish). 49 (4). doi:10.4067/S0717-73562017005000028.
- ^ Rumian Cisterna, Salvador (2020-09-17). Gallito Catrilef: Colonialismo y defensa de la tierra en San Juan de la Costa a mediados del siglo XX (M.Sc. thesis) (in Spanish). University of Los Lagos.
- ^ Ramírez Sanchez, Carlos (1988). Toponimia indígena de las provincias de Osorno, Llanquihue y Chiloé (in Spanish). Valdivia: Marisa Cuneo Ediciones. pp. 17–18.