Humayun

Humayun
Padishah
Al-Sultan Al-Azam
Portrait of Humayun from the Akbarnama, 1602-4
Emperor of Hindustan
First reign26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
Coronation29 December 1530
PredecessorBabur
SuccessorSher Shah Suri (Sur Empire)
Heir-apparentAl-aman Mirza
Second reign22 June 1555 – 27 January 1556
PredecessorAdil Shah Suri (Sur Empire)
SuccessorAkbar I
BornNasir al-Din Muhammad[1]
6 March 1508
Kabul, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Afghanistan)
Died27 January 1556(1556-01-27) (aged 47)
Sher Mandal, Delhi, Mughal Empire
(present-day Delhi, India)
Burial
Consort
  • (m. 1527)
  • (m. 1540)
Wives
Issue
Names
Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Humayun[1]
Posthumous name
Jannat-Ashyani (lit.'He who lives in heaven')
HouseHouse of Babur
DynastyTimurid dynasty
FatherBabur
MotherMaham Begum
Religion[[Sunni Islam]][5]
SealHumayun's signature

Nasir al-Din Muhammad (6 March 1508[1] – 27 January 1556), commonly known by his regnal name Humayun (Persian pronunciation: [hu.mɑː.juːn]), was the second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556. At the time of his death, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.

On 26 December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father Babur to the throne of Delhi as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent. Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power at the age of 22. His half-brother Kamran Mirza inherited Kabul and Kandahar, the northernmost parts of their father's empire; the two half-brothers became bitter rivals.

Early in his reign, Humayun lost his entire state to Sher Shah Suri but regained it 15 years later with Safavid aid. His return from Persia was accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen, signaling an important change in Mughal court culture. The Central Asian origins of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of Persian art, architecture, language, and literature. To this day, stone carvings and thousands of Persian manuscripts in India dating from the time of Humayun remain in the subcontinent. Following his return to power, Humayun quickly expanded the Empire, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar.

  1. ^ a b c Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1981). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. Vol. II (1st ed.). Sterling Publishers. p. 108. OCLC 221798951.
  2. ^ Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāmah). Royal Asiatic Society. p. 260.
  3. ^ Lal, Muni (1980). Akbar. Vikas. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7069-1076-6.
  4. ^ Mukhia 2004, p. 124.
  5. ^ Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 1, Part II: Papers and Summaries (June 1935), pp. 46–61 (16 pages) https://www.jstor.org/stable/44202304