Hussain Muhammad Ershad | |
|---|---|
হুসেইন মুহাম্মদ এরশাদ | |
| 9th President of Bangladesh | |
| In office 11 December 1983 – 6 December 1990 | |
| Prime Minister | Ataur Rahman Khan Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury Moudud Ahmed Kazi Zafar Ahmed |
| Vice President | A. K. M. Nurul Islam Moudud Ahmed |
| Preceded by | A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury |
| Succeeded by | Shahabuddin Ahmed (acting) |
| 6th Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office 3 January 2019 – 14 July 2019 | |
| Prime Minister | Sheikh Hasina |
| Preceded by | Rowshan Ershad |
| Succeeded by | Rowshan Ershad |
| 4th Chief of Army Staff | |
| In office 1 December 1978[1] – 30 August 1986 | |
| President | Ziaur Rahman Abdus Sattar A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury Himself |
| Prime Minister | Mashiur Rahman (Acting) Shah Azizur Rahman Ataur Rahman Khan Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury |
| Preceded by | Ziaur Rahman |
| Succeeded by | Atiqur Rahman |
| Special Envoy of Prime Minister of Bangladesh | |
| In office 25 January 2014 – 9 December 2018 | |
| Prime Minister | Sheikh Hasina |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Saber Hossain Chowdhury |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 February 1930 Dinhata, Cooch Behar, British India |
| Died | 14 July 2019 (aged 89) Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Political party | Jatiya Party (E) |
| Spouses | |
| Children |
|
| Relatives |
|
| Alma mater | University of Dhaka Officers Training School, Kohat, Pakistan Command and Staff College, Quetta, Pakistan |
| Profession | Military officer, politician |
| Awards |
|
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Pakistan (before 1971) Bangladesh |
| Branch/service |  Pakistan Army Bangladesh Army |
| Years of service | 1952–1986 |
| Rank | |
| Unit | East Bengal Regiment |
| Commands |
|
| Battles/wars | Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict |
Hussain Muhammad Ershad (Bengali: হুসেইন মুহাম্মদ এরশাদ; 1 February 1930 – 14 July 2019) was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the president of Bangladesh from 1982 to 1990.[2]
He seized power as head of the army during a bloodless coup against President Abdus Sattar on 24 March 1982 (by imposing martial law and suspending the Constitution). He declared himself President in 1983,[3] and subsequently won the controversial[4] 1986 Bangladeshi presidential election. Despite claims to have legitimately won the 1986 election, many consider his regime as an era of military dictatorship.[5][6][7] Ershad served in the Presidential office until 1990, when he was forced to resign following a popular pro-democracy mass uprising led by Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina. His government was a military dictatorship.[5][6][7][8] Ershad founded the Jatiya Party in 1986 and became a Member of Parliament for that party in the constituency of Rangpur-3 in 1991, with successful re-election in all subsequent general elections. He was the longest serving male head of government in Bangladeshi history.
During his tenure, Ershad pursued devolution reforms, privatization of nationalised industries; the expansion of the national highway system; and the founding of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation; he committed his nation's forces as an ally to the United States in the Gulf War. He contributed to developments in infrastructure and socio-economic growth, divesting key nationalised industries. In 1989, Ershad pushed parliament to make Islam the state religion, in a sharp departure from Bangladesh's original secular constitution.[9]
- ^ Mascarenhas, Anthony (1986). Bangladesh: A Legacy of Blood. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39420-X.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
bpediawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Stevens, William K. (12 December 1983). "Bangladesh Leader in Military Regime Assumes Presidency". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R.; Times, Special To the New York (17 October 1986). "Bangladesh Chief Claims Vote Victory". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ a b "Ershad: We have no specific demand at dialogue with PM". Dhaka Tribune. 3 November 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ a b "Ershad shows Tk 2.8m cash, says wife Raushon has Tk 262m in election affidavit". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ a b Maniruzzaman, Talukder (1992). "The Fall of the Military Dictator: 1991 Elections and the Prospect of Civilian Rule in Bangladesh". Pacific Affairs. 65 (2): 203–224. doi:10.2307/2760169. ISSN 0030-851X. JSTOR 2760169.
- ^ "Hussein Mohammed Ershad, former Bangladeshi military dictator, dies at 89". Washington Post. 15 July 2019. ISSN 0190-8286.
- ^ Bergman, David (28 March 2016). "Bangladesh court upholds Islam as religion of the state". Al Jazeera.