| Hussein Shah | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 The royal seal of the Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor and Singapore | |||||||||
| Sultan of Johor | |||||||||
| Reign | 1819–1835 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah | ||||||||
| Successor | Ali | ||||||||
| Born | 1776 Hulu Riau, Johor Sultanate | ||||||||
| Died | 5 September 1835 (aged 58–59) Malacca, British Malaya | ||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||
| Spouse |
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| Issue |
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| House | Bendahara dynasty | ||||||||
| Father | Mahmud Shah III | ||||||||
| Mother | Cik Makoh[3] | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
Sultan Hussein Mua'zzam Shah ibni Mahmud Shah Alam[4] (Malay: سلطان حسين معظم شاه ابن محمود شاه عالم, 1776 – 5 September 1835)[5] was the 19th ruler of Johor-Riau.[6] He signed two treaties with Britain which culminated in the founding of modern Singapore; during which he was nominally given recognition by the British as the Sultan of Johor and Singapore in 1819 and the Sultan of Johor in 1824.[7]
However, Sultan Hussein was regarded by nobles as a British puppet monarch, at least during the first few years of his reign. Towards his last years of his reign and during the first half of his son's reign as the Sultan of Johor, limited recognition was given by a few nobles.[8] Known as having a personality that did not impress the British or the local Malays, the contemporary writer Munshi Abdullah remarked that he was a "tiger without teeth".[9]
- ^ Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 101
- ^ In Islamic cultures, the title Al-Marhum means "one to whom mercy has been shown". This is used for Muslim rulers who are deceased. Islamic Names: An Introduction, Schimmel, pg 59
- ^ Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 83
- ^ Bastin, Winks, Malaysia: Selected Historical Readings, pg 130
- ^ Marcus Scott-Ross, See Historical Malacca in One Day, pg 22
- ^ Sejarah Kesultanan Negeri Johor[permanent dead link], Laman Web Rasmi Pejabat Daerah Kota Tinggi (Official Web Portal of Kota tinggi district), retrieved 12 March 2009
- ^ British-American Claims Arbitral Tribunal, American and British Claims Arbitration, pg 6 Sultan Ali was the descendant of the Sultans of Johore. His father, Hussain, had been recognised as Sultan of Johore by Britain in 1824.
- ^ Aruna Gopinath, Pahang, 1880–1933: A Political History, pg 23 Bendahara Ali was one of the first few rulers to adjust himself to the new situation and gave Sultan Hussein of Singapore his due recognition...
- ^ Andaya, Barbara Watson (1982). A History of Malaysia. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-312-38120-2.