Hydrochloric acid

This article is about the solution. For the gas, see hydrogen chloride.
Hydrochloric acid
Structure of Hydrochloric acid as dissociated chloride and hydronium ions
3D model of hydrogen chloride
3D model of hydrogen chloride
3D model of water
3D model of water
3D model of the chloride anion
3D model of the chloride anion
3D model of the hydronium cation
3D model of the hydronium cation
Names
IUPAC name
Chlorane[3]
Other names
  • Muriatic acid[1]
  • Spirits of salt[2]
  • Hydronium chloride
  • Chlorhydric acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.210.665 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-595-7
E number E507 (acidity regulators, ...)
UNII
UN number 1789
  • [OH3+].[Cl-]
Properties
HCl(aq)
Molar mass 36.46 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless, transparent liquid, fumes in air if concentrated
Odor Pungent characteristic
Density 1.18 g/cm3
Melting point Concentration-dependent – see table
Boiling point Concentration-dependent – see table
log P 0.00[4]
Acidity (pKa) −5.9 (HCl gas)[5]
Pharmacology
A09AB03 (WHO) B05XA13 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation markGHS05: Corrosive
Danger[6]
H290, H314, H335[6]
P260, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338[6]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazard ACID: Acid
3
0
1
ACID
Related compounds
Other anions
Related compounds
 Hydrogen chloride
Supplementary data page
Hydrochloric acid (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical.[7][8]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference muriatic_acid was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "spirits of salt". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  3. ^ Favre HA, Powell WH, eds. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 131.
  4. ^ "Hydrochloric acid". www.chemsrc.com.
  5. ^ Trummal A, Lipping L, Kaljurand I, Koppel IA, Leito I (May 2016). "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 120 (20): 3663–9. Bibcode:2016JPCA..120.3663T. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253. PMID 27115918. S2CID 29697201.
  6. ^ a b c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Hydrochloric acid.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference G&E was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).