Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Hydrodiuril, others |
Other names | HCTZ, HCT |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682571 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | Variable (~70% on average) |
Metabolism | Not significant[3] |
Elimination half-life | 5.6–14.8 h |
Excretion | Primarily kidney (>95% as unchanged drug) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.367 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C7H8ClN3O4S2 |
Molar mass | 297.73 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up.[4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine.[4] Hydrochlorothiazide is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness.[4] Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide medication which inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions from the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, causing a natriuresis.[4][5] This initially increases urine volume and lowers blood volume.[6] It is believed to reduce peripheral vascular resistance.[6]
Potential side effects include poor kidney function, electrolyte imbalances, including low blood potassium, and, less commonly, low blood sodium, gout, high blood sugar, and feeling lightheaded with standing.[4]
Two companies, Merck & Co. and Ciba Specialty Chemicals, state they discovered the medication which became commercially available in 1959.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is available as a generic drug[4] and is relatively affordable.[9] In 2022, it was the twelfth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 38 million prescriptions.[10][11]
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