 | |
| Combination of | |
|---|---|
| Hydrocodone | Opioid analgesic |
| Paracetamol | Anilide analgesic |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Lorcet, Norco, Vicodin, others |
| Other names | Hydrocodone/acetaminophen, hydrocodone/APAP |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Professional Drug Facts |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | >80% |
| Metabolism | Hydrocodone: extensively liver, primarily CYP3A4; /Paracetamol: liver, CYP2E1 |
| Elimination half-life | for hydrocodone: 228–294 mins (3.8–4.9 hrs); for paracetamol: 120–240 mins (2–4 hrs) |
| Excretion | for hydrocodone: urinary; for paracetamol: urinary (10–15% unchanged) |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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Hydrocodone/paracetamol (also known as hydrocodone/acetaminophen) is the combination of the pain medications hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen).[1] It is used to treat moderate to severe pain.[1][3] It is taken by mouth.[1] Recreational use is common in the United States.[4][5]
Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, constipation, and vomiting.[1][3] Serious side effects include addiction, decreased rate of breathing, low blood pressure, severe allergic reactions, and liver failure.[1] Use during pregnancy may harm the fetus.[1] Use with alcohol is not recommended.[3] Hydrocodone works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor.[1] How paracetamol works is unclear but may involve blocking the creation of prostaglandins.[1][6]
Hydrocodone/paracetamol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[1] In the United States, it is a schedule II controlled substance.[1] In 2022, it was the 23rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 23 million prescriptions.[7][8] It is not available in the United Kingdom,[9] though the combination codeine/paracetamol (co-codamol) is.[10] It is sold under the brand names Vicodin and Norco among others.[1][2]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Norco (Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP) CII Revised: March 2021". DailyMed. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Vicodin Vicodin ES Vicodin HP (Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP) Rx only CS-II". DailyMed. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
- ^ a b c Mancano M, Gallagher J (2010). Frequently Prescribed Medications. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 7. ISBN 9780763781170.
- ^ Parrillo VN (2008). Encyclopedia of Social Problems. SAGE. p. 262. ISBN 9781412941655.
- ^ Singla A, Sloan P (2013). "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of hydrocodone/acetaminophen for pain management". Journal of Opioid Management. 9 (1): 71–80. doi:10.5055/jom.2013.0149. PMID 23709306.
- ^ Graham GG, Scott KF (1 February 2005). "Mechanism of action of paracetamol". American Journal of Therapeutics. 12 (1): 46–55. doi:10.1097/00045391-200501000-00008. PMID 15662292. S2CID 38261222.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ Atkins L (16 August 2001). "Know what a Vike is?". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
- ^ "Co-codamol 30/500 Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". eMC. Retrieved 7 August 2019.