| |||
| |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Hydrogen bromide
| |||
| Preferred IUPAC name
Bromane[1] | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
| 3587158 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.030.090 | ||
| EC Number |
| ||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Hydrobromic+Acid | ||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| RTECS number |
| ||
| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1048 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|||
| |||
| |||
| Properties | |||
| HBr | |||
| Molar mass | 80.91 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Acrid | ||
| Density | 3.307 g/L (25 °C)[2] | ||
| Melting point | −86.9 °C (−124.4 °F; 186.2 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −66.8 °C (−88.2 °F; 206.3 K) | ||
| 221 g/100 mL (0 °C) 204 g/100 mL (15 °C) 193 g/100 mL (20 °C) 130 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |||
| Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, organic solvents | ||
| Vapor pressure | 2.308 MPa (at 21 °C) | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | −8.8 (±0.8);[3] ~−9[4] | ||
| Basicity (pKb) | ~23 | ||
| Conjugate acid | Bromonium | ||
| Conjugate base | Bromide | ||
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.325[citation needed] | ||
| Structure | |||
| Linear | |||
| 820 mD | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
|
350.7 mJ/(K·g) | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
198.696–198.704 J/(K·mol)[5] | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−36.45...−36.13 kJ/mol[5] | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
|
Highly corrosive | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
 
| |||
| Danger | |||
| H314, H335 | |||
| P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration)
|
2858 ppm (rat, 1 h) 814 ppm (mouse, 1 h)[7] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 3 ppm (10 mg/m3)[6] | ||
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 3 ppm (10 mg/m3)[6] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
30 ppm[6] | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | hazard.com | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
|
Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen iodide Hydrogen astatide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |||
Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula HBr. It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by mass form a constant-boiling azeotrope mixture that boils at 124.3 °C (255.7 °F). Boiling less concentrated solutions releases H2O until the constant-boiling mixture composition is reached.
Hydrogen bromide, and its aqueous solution, hydrobromic acid, are commonly used reagents in the preparation of bromide compounds.
- ^ Favre, Henri A.; Powell, Warren H., eds. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 131. ISBN 9781849733069.
- ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
- ^ Trummal, Aleksander; Lipping, Lauri; Kaljurand, Ivari; Koppel, Ilmar A; Leito, Ivo (2016). "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 120 (20): 3663–9. Bibcode:2016JPCA..120.3663T. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253. PMID 27115918. S2CID 29697201.
- ^ Perrin, D. D. Dissociation constants of inorganic acids and bases in aqueous solution. Butterworths, London, 1969.
- ^ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
- ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0331". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "Hydrogen bromide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).