Hypoxia (environmental)

Global map of low and declining oxygen levels in the open ocean and coastal waters, 2009.[1] The map indicates coastal sites where anthropogenic nutrients have exacerbated or caused oxygen declines to <2 mg/L (<63 μmol/L) (red dots), as well as ocean oxygen minimum zones at 300 m (blue shaded regions).[2]
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Hypoxia (hypo: "below", oxia: "oxygenated") refers to low oxygen conditions. Hypoxia is problematic for air-breathing organisms, yet it is essential for many anaerobic organisms. Hypoxia applies to many situations, but usually refers to the atmosphere and natural waters.[3]

  1. ^ Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Gregoire, M., Chavez, F. P., and Conley, D. J. (2018) "Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters". Science, 359: eaam7240. doi:10.1126/science.aam7240.
  2. ^ Benway, H.M., Lorenzoni, L., White, A.E., Fiedler, B., Levine, N.M., Nicholson, D.P., DeGrandpre, M.D., Sosik, H.M., Church, M.J., O'Brien, T.D. and Leinen, M. (2019) "Ocean time series observations of changing marine ecosystems: an era of integration, synthesis, and societal applications", Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(393). doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00393.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Diaz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).