In aeronautics, icing is the formation of water ice on an aircraft. Icing has resulted in numerous fatal accidents in aviation history. Ice accretion and accumulation can affect the external surfaces of an aircraft – in which case it is referred to as airframe icing[1] – or the engine, resulting in carburetor icing, air inlet icing or more generically engine icing.[2] These phenomena may possibly but do not necessarily occur together.
Not all aircraft, especially general aviation aircraft, are certified for flight into known icing (FIKI) – that is flying into areas with icing conditions certain or likely to exist, based on pilot reports, observations, and forecasts.[3] In order to be FIKI-certified, aircraft must be fitted with suitable ice protection systems to prevent accidents by icing.