Ifriqiya

The Roman province Africa Proconsularis (in red), to which Ifriqiya corresponded and from which it derived its name, included the western territories taken from the Numidians and added by Caesar [1].
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Ifriqiya (Arabic: إفريقية, lit. 'Africa' Ifrīqya), also known as al-Maghrib al-Adna (Arabic: المغرب الأدنى), was a medieval historical region comprising today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania (roughly western Libya).[2][3][4] It included all of what had previously been the Byzantine province of Africa Proconsularis and extended beyond it,[5] but did not include the Mauretanias.[6]

To the south, Ifriqiya was bounded by the semi-arid lands and salt marshes named el-Djerid. The northern boundary fluctuated from as far north as Sicily to the North African coastline, and the western boundary usually reached Béjaïa. The capital was briefly Carthage, then Qayrawan (Kairouan), then Mahdia, then Tunis.[7] The Aghlabids, from their base in Kairouan, initiated the invasion of Southern Italy beginning in 827, and established the Emirate of Sicily, which lasted until it was conquered by the Normans, and the short-lived Emirate of Bari.

  1. ^ Older scholarship dated the unification of Africa nova and vetus to 27 BC. This is no longer believed. Fishwick, Duncan; Shaw, Brent D (1977). "The formation of Africa proconsularis". Hermes. 105 (3): 369–380. ISSN 0018-0777. JSTOR 4476024.
  2. ^ (in French) Article « Ifriqiya » (Larousse.fr).
  3. ^ Michael Brett (2013). Approaching African History. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-84701-063-6.
  4. ^ Youssef M. Choueiri (2008). A Companion to the History of the Middle East. John Wiley & Sons. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4051-5204-4.
  5. ^ Ramzi Rouighi (2019). Inventing the Berbers History and Ideology in the Maghrib. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-8122-9618-1.
  6. ^ Valérian, Dominique (2019). "Ifrīqiya". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658.
  7. ^ "Arabic Thought and Its Place in History - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.