| Ikhwan | |
|---|---|
| الإخوان إخوان من أطاع الله | |
 Flag of the Ikhwan | |
| Country |
|
| Type | Land warfare |
| Colors | Green and White |
| Commanders | |
| Leaders | Faisal al-Duwaish Sultan bin Bajad bin Humaid Dhaydan bin Hithlain |
The Ikhwan (Arabic: الإخوان, romanized: al-ʾIkhwān, the Brethren), commonly known as Ikhwan man ata'a Allah (Arabic: إخوان من أطاع الله, Brethren of those who obey God),[a] was a Wahhabi religious militia made up of traditionally nomadic tribesmen which formed a significant military force of the ruler Ibn Saud and played an important role in establishing him as ruler of most of the Arabian Peninsula in the unified Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[3]
The Ikhwan first appeared around 1902. They were the product of clergy who aimed to break up the Bedouin tribes and settle them around the wells and oases of the sedentary Arabian populations, mainly those of the Najd, on the grounds that nomadic life was incompatible with the strict conformity of their interpretation of Islam. The newly Islamicized Bedouin would be converted from nomad raiders to soldiers for Islam. The cleric/teachers of the Ikhwan were dedicated to their idea of the purification and the unification of Islam, and some of the newly converted Ikhwan rebelled against their emir Ibn Saud, accusing him of religious laxity. The conquest of the Hejaz in 1924 brought all of the current Saudi state under Ibn Saud's control. The monarch then found himself in conflict with elements of the Ikhwan. He crushed their power at the Battle of Sabilla in 1929,[4] following which the militia was reorganised into the Saudi Arabian National Guard.[5]
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
- ^ "Remembering the siege of Makkah". Arab News. 19 November 2019.
- ^ Commins, David (2009). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I.B.Tauris. p. 81.
The significance of Ikhwan military power for the success of Ibn Saud's conquests is another disputed point.
- ^ See Wilfred Thesiger's book Arabian Sands, Penguin, 1991, pps 248–249
- ^ Commins, David (2009). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I.B.Tauris. p. 92.
Rank and file Ikhwan fighters formed units in a new military institution, initially the White Army, eventually the National Guard ...
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