Ili Rebellion East Turkestan National Revolution Three Districts Revolution | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Republic of China |
East Turkestan Republic Supported by: Soviet Union | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Chiang Kai-shek Bai Chongxi Ma Bufang Zhang Zhizhong Ma Chengxiang Ma Xizhen Han Youwen Liu Bindi † Osman Batur Yulbars Khan Masud Sabri |
Elihan Tore Ehmetjan Qasim Abdulkerim Abbas Saifuddin Azizi Ishaq Beg Ivan Y. Polinov Fotiy I. Leskin | ||||||
Units involved | |||||||
East Turkestan National Army[b] Red Army | |||||||
Strength | |||||||
100,000 Han Chinese and Tungani Muslim infantry and cavalry[2] | Thousands of Soviet troops | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Total casualties unknown, many Chinese civilians killed in Ili alongside a number of Chinese soldiers | Total casualties unknown, heavy losses among Russian settlers fighting for the Second East Turkestan Republic, many civilian and military losses taken |
The Ili Rebellion (simplified Chinese: 伊宁事变; traditional Chinese: 伊寧事變; pinyin: Yīníng Shìbiàn[3]) was a separatist uprising by the Turkic peoples of northern Xinjiang (East Turkestan) against the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China, from 1944 to 1946. The Ili Rebellion began with the East Turkestan National Revolution, known in Chinese historiography as the Three Districts Revolution (simplified Chinese: 三区革命; traditional Chinese: 三區革命; pinyin: Sān-qū Gémìng; Uyghur: ئۈچ ۋىلايەت ئىنقىلابى), which saw the establishment of the Second East Turkestan Republic. The leadership was dominated by Uyghurs but the population consisted mostly of Kazakhs.[4]
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