Inbreeding depression

Inbreeding depression in Delphinium nelsonii. A. Overall fitness of progeny cohorts and the B. progeny lifespan were all lower when progeny were the result of crosses with pollen taken close to a receptor plant.[1]

Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness that has the potential to result from inbreeding (the breeding of related individuals). The loss of genetic diversity that is seen due to inbreeding, results from small population size.[2] Biological fitness refers to an organism's ability to survive and perpetuate its genetic material. Inbreeding depression is often the result of a population bottleneck. In general, the higher the genetic variation or gene pool within a breeding population, the less likely it is to suffer from inbreeding depression, though inbreeding and outbreeding depression can simultaneously occur.

Inbreeding depression seems to be present in most groups of organisms, but varies across mating systems. Hermaphroditic species often exhibit lower degrees of inbreeding depression than outcrossing species, as repeated generations of selfing is thought to purge deleterious alleles from populations. For example, the outcrossing nematode (roundworm) Caenorhabditis remanei has been demonstrated to suffer severely from inbreeding depression, unlike its hermaphroditic relative C. elegans, which experiences outbreeding depression.[3]

  1. ^ Begon, Michael; Townsend, Colin R.; Harper, John L. (2006). Ecology: from individuals to ecosystems (4th ed.). Blackwell. ISBN 9781405151986. OCLC 63148074.
  2. ^ Reed, David H.; Lowe, Edwin H.; Briscoe, David A.; Frankham, Richard (2003-05-01). "Inbreeding and extinction: Effects of rate of inbreeding". Conservation Genetics. 4 (3): 405–410. doi:10.1023/A:1024081416729.
  3. ^ Dolgin, Elie S.; Charlesworth, Brian; Baird, Scott; Cutter, Asher D.; et al. (2007). "Inbreeding and Outbreeding Depression in Caenorhabditis Nematodes". Evolution. 61 (6): 1339–52. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00118.x. PMID 17542844.