1,905,617 (2018 Census) 4.31% of Colombia's population[1][2]
c. 5,200,000 (Estimation) ~10% of Colombia’s population[3][4][5] 1%,[6] 1.8%,[7] 2%,[8][9] 4%,[10] 9.5%[11] or 10.4%[4] of Colombians (external sources)
Estimates on the percentage of Colombians who are indigenous vary, from 3% or 1.5 million to 10% or 5 million. According to the 2018 Colombian census, they comprise 4.4% of the country's population, belonging to 115 different tribes, up from 3.4% in the 2005 Colombian census.[1][2] However, a Latinobarómetro survey from the same year found that 10.4% of Colombian respondents self-identified as indigenous.[4][5] The most recent estimation of the number of indigenous peoples of Colombia places it at around 9.5% of the population and has been growing since an all-time low of 1965, where it was estimated only 1% of Colombians were indigenous.[12]
The 2023 estimate indicates Colombia as having the seventh highest percentage of Amerindians in the Americas with only Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Peru, and Panama having a higher estimated percentage of Amerindians than Colombia.[13]
Both historically and in recent times, they have been subjected to violence and oppression, ranging from land theft to massacres to the targeted killings of Indigenous activists and politicians.[14]