The first documented relations between Ancient India and Ancient Rome occurred during the reign of Augustus (27 BCE – 14 CE), the first Roman Emperor.
The presence of Europeans, including Romans, in the region known at the time as "India" (modern South Asia, including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and eastern-Afghanistan), during the period of the Roman Empire, is poorly documented. Before the conquests of Alexander, there are no surviving accounts by contemporaries or near-contemporaries of contact between Europe and the South Asia, so modern understanding depends on more abundant literary, numismatic, and archaeological evidence, mainly relating to the trade between them. The Romans were referred as Romakas in India while the Romans referred Indians as Indos.