Industrial and organizational psychology

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Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology) "focuses the lens of psychological science on a key aspect of human life, namely, their work lives. In general, the goals of I-O psychology are to better understand and optimize the effectiveness, health, and well-being of both individuals and organizations."[1] It is an applied discipline within psychology and is an international profession. I-O psychology is also known as occupational psychology in the United Kingdom, organisational psychology in Australia and New Zealand, and work and organizational (WO) psychology throughout Europe and Brazil. Industrial, work, and organizational (IWO) psychology is the broader, more global term for the science and profession.[2][3][4]

I-O psychologists are trained in the scientist–practitioner model. As an applied psychology field, the discipline involves both research and practice and I-O psychologists apply psychological theories and principles to organizations and the individuals within them.[5] They contribute to an organization's success by improving the job performance, wellbeing, motivation, job satisfaction and the health and safety of employees.[6][7][8]

An I-O psychologist conducts research on employee attitudes, behaviors, emotions, motivation, and stress. The field is concerned with how these things can be improved through recruitment processes, training and development programs, 360-degree feedback, change management, and other management systems and other interventions.[9] I-O psychology research and practice also includes the work–nonwork interface such as selecting and transitioning into a new career, occupational burnout, unemployment, retirement, and work–family conflict and balance.[10][11]

I-O psychology is one of the 17 recognized professional specialties by the American Psychological Association (APA).[12] In the United States the profession is represented by Division 14 of the APA and is formally known as the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP).[13] Similar I-O psychology societies can be found in many countries. In 2009 the Alliance for Organizational Psychology was formed and is a federation of Work, Industrial, & Organizational Psychology societies and "network partners" from around the world.[14][15][16]

  1. ^ Rogelberg, S. C. (Ed.). (2007). Encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1). SAGE Publications.
  2. ^ Ones, D. S., Anderson, N., Viswesvaran, C., & Sinangil, H. K. (2018). The SAGE handbook of industrial, work & organizational psychology, 3v Personal Psychology and Employee Performance, Organizational Psychology, Managerial Psychology and Organizational Approaches. London: SAGE Publications.
  3. ^ Lewis, R., & Zibarras, L. (2013). Work and occupational psychology: Integrating theory and practice Archived November 1, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. London: SAGE.
  4. ^ Spector P. E. (2021). Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
  5. ^ Truxillo, D. M.; Bauer, T. N.; Erdogan, B. (2016). Psychology and Work: Perspectives on Industrial and Organizational Psychology. New York: Psychology Press / Taylor & Francis.
  6. ^ "I/O Psychology Provides Workplace Solutions". American Psychological Association. 2013.
  7. ^ "Pursuing a Career in I/O Psychology". American Psychological Association. 2013.
  8. ^ Riggio, R. E., & Johnson, S. K. (2022). Introduction to industrial/organizational psychology.
  9. ^ Building Better Organizations brochure. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Retrieved from SIOP.org Archived 2019-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Aamodt, Michael G. "Industrial/Organizational Psychology: An Applied Approach" (PDF). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  11. ^ Rudolph, C. W., Allan, B., Clark, M., Hertel, G., Hirschi, A., Kunze, F., Shockley, K., Shoss, M., Sonnentag, S., & Zacher, H. (2021). Pandemics: Implications for research and practice in industrial and organizational psychology. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 14(1-2), 1–35
  12. ^ "Recognized Specialties and Proficiencies in Professional Psychology". APA.org. American Psychological Association. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  13. ^ Koppes. L. L. (2000). A Brief History of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Inc. – A Division of the APA. Washington, DC: Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. [1]
  14. ^ Psychology, Alliance for Organizational. "Alliance for Organizational Psychology". Alliance for Organizational Psychology. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  15. ^ "EAWOP - European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology".
  16. ^ Machin, T., Machin, T., Jeffries, C. & Hoare, N. (Eds.) (2022), “The Australian handbook for careers in psychological science”. University of Southern Queensland.