Initial acquisition of microbiota

The initial acquisition of microbiota is the formation of an organism's microbiota immediately before and after birth. The microbiota (also called flora) are all the microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and fungi that colonize the organism. The microbiome is another term for microbiota or can refer to the collected genomes.

Many of these microorganisms interact with the host in ways that are beneficial and often play an integral role in processes like digestion and immunity.[1] The microbiome is dynamic: it varies between individuals, over time, and can influenced by both endogenous and exogenous forces.[2]

Abundant research in invertebrates [3][4][5] has shown that endosymbionts may be transmitted vertically to oocytes or externally transmitted during oviposition.[6] Research on the acquisition of microbial communities in vertebrates is relatively sparse, but also suggests that vertical transmission may occur.[7][8]

  1. ^ Harmon, Katherine (16 December 2009). "Bugs Inside: What Happens When the Microbes That Keep Us Healthy Disappear?". Scientific American.
  2. ^ Mundasad, Smitha (13 June 2012). "Human Microbiome Project reveals largest microbial map". BBC News.
  3. ^ Feldhaar, Heike; Gross, Roy (January 2009). "Insects as hosts for mutualistic bacteria". International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 299 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.05.010. PMC 7172608. PMID 18640072.
  4. ^ Douglas, A.E. (1989). "Mycetocyte symbiosis in insects". Biological Reviews. 64 (4): 409–434. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1989.tb00682.x. PMID 2696562. S2CID 28345783.
  5. ^ Buchner, P. (1965). Endosymbiosis of animals with plant microorganisms. New York: Interscience Publishers. ISBN 978-0470115176.
  6. ^ Salem, Hassan (April 2015). "An out-of-body experience: the extracellular dimension for the transmission of mutualistic bacteria in insects". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1804): 20142957. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2957. PMC 4375872. PMID 25740892.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Funkhouser 2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Gantois, Inne; Ducatelle, Richard; Pasmans, Frank; et al. (2009). "Mechanisms of egg contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 33 (4): 718–738. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00161.x. PMID 19207743.