Insulin receptor

INSR
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GAG, 1I44, 1IR3, 1IRK, 1P14, 1RQQ, 2AUH, 2B4S, 2HR7, 3BU3, 3BU5, 3BU6, 3EKK, 3EKN, 3ETA, 3W11, 3W12, 3W13, 3W14, 2MFR, 2Z8C, 4IBM, 4OGA, 4XLV, 4XST, 5E1S, 4ZXB, 5J3H, 5HHW
Identifiers
Aliases	INSR, CD220, HHF5, insulin receptor
External IDs	OMIM: 147670; MGI: 96575; HomoloGene: 20090; GeneCards: INSR; OMA:INSR - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19p13.2 Start 7,112,255 bp[1] End 7,294,414 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8 A1.1|8 1.82 cM Start 3,172,061 bp[2] End 3,329,617 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in buccal mucosa cell palpebral conjunctiva visceral pleura middle temporal gyrus kidney tubule renal medulla tibia seminal vesicula epithelium of nasopharynx body of pancreas Top expressed in retinal pigment epithelium Paneth cell ciliary body lacrimal gland left lobe of liver parotid gland substantia nigra digastric muscle triceps brachii muscle sternocleidomastoid muscle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function kinase activity insulin-like growth factor II binding transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity ATP binding protein kinase activity insulin-like growth factor receptor binding insulin receptor substrate binding transferase activity protein binding protein tyrosine kinase activity nucleotide binding insulin-like growth factor I binding GTP binding PTB domain binding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding insulin binding insulin-activated receptor activity protein domain specific binding amyloid-beta binding cargo receptor activity protein-containing complex binding Cellular component membrane caveola insulin receptor complex extracellular exosome integral component of membrane receptor complex plasma membrane endosome membrane integral component of plasma membrane intracellular anatomical structure nuclear envelope external side of plasma membrane axon nuclear lumen dendrite membrane neuronal cell body membrane Biological process positive regulation of glucose import insulin receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of protein phosphorylation regulation of embryonic development positive regulation of developmental growth protein phosphorylation regulation of female gonad development animal organ morphogenesis transformation of host cell by virus positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway male sex determination positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated epidermis development cellular response to insulin stimulus protein autophosphorylation positive regulation of respiratory burst positive regulation of MAPK cascade exocrine pancreas development G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway male gonad development phosphorylation carbohydrate metabolic process positive regulation of DNA replication peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation activation of protein kinase B activity positive regulation of cell migration positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process cellular response to growth factor stimulus heart morphogenesis adrenal gland development positive regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of glycolytic process activation of protein kinase activity signal transduction glucose homeostasis peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation protein heterotetramerization intracellular signal transduction receptor-mediated endocytosis learning memory positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly anatomical structure development dendritic spine maintenance amyloid-beta clearance neuron projection maintenance Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3643 16337 Ensembl ENSG00000171105 ENSMUSG00000005534 UniProt P06213 P15208 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000208 NM_001079817 NM_010568 NM_001330056 RefSeq (protein) NP_000199 NP_001073285 NP_001316985 NP_034698 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 7.11 – 7.29 Mb Chr 8: 3.17 – 3.33 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase.^[5] Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer.^[6][7] Insulin signalling controls access to blood glucose in body cells. When insulin falls, especially in those with high insulin sensitivity, body cells begin only to have access to lipids that do not require transport across the membrane. So, in this way, insulin is the key regulator of fat metabolism as well. Biochemically, the insulin receptor is encoded by a single gene INSR, from which alternate splicing during transcription results in either IR-A or IR-B isoforms.^[8] Downstream post-translational events of either isoform result in the formation of a proteolytically cleaved α and β subunit, which upon combination are ultimately capable of homo or hetero-dimerisation to produce the ≈320 kDa disulfide-linked transmembrane insulin receptor.^[8]