Integration by substitution

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Calculus
${\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f'(t)\,dt=f(b)-f(a)}$
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In calculus, integration by substitution, also known as u-substitution, reverse chain rule or change of variables,^[1] is a method for evaluating integrals and antiderivatives. It is the counterpart to the chain rule for differentiation, and can loosely be thought of as using the chain rule "backwards."