Interferon type I

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary
PDB	1b5l :24-187 1ovi :24-185 2hie :24-186 1itf :24-186 1au1B:22-187 2hif :24-182 1wu3I:22-182

Interferon Type I (α/β/δ...)
Interferon Type I (α/β/δ...)
	The molecular structure of human interferon-beta (PDB: 1AU1).
Identifiers
Symbol	Interferons
Pfam	PF00143
InterPro	IPR000471
SMART	SM00076
PROSITE	PDOC00225
CATH	1au1
SCOP2	1au1 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDD	cd00095
Pfam
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary
PDB	1b5l :24-187 1ovi :24-185 2hie :24-186 1itf :24-186 1au1B:22-187 2hif :24-182 1wu3I:22-182

The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17 and IFNA21), IFNω (IFNW1), IFNɛ (IFNE), IFNк (IFNK) and IFNβ (IFNB1), plus 11 IFN pseudogenes.^[1]

Interferons bind to interferon receptors. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor (IFNAR) that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains.

Type I IFNs are found in all mammals, and homologous (similar) molecules have been found in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species.^[2]^[3]

^ Razaghi A, Brusselaers N, Björnstedt M, Durand-Dubief M (September 2021). "Copy number alteration of the interferon gene cluster in cancer: Individual patient data meta-analysis prospects to personalized immunotherapy". Neoplasia. 23 (10): 1059–1068. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2021.08.004. PMC 8458777. PMID 34555656.
^ Schultz U, Kaspers B, Staeheli P (May 2004). "The interferon system of non-mammalian vertebrates". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 28 (5): 499–508. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.009. PMID 15062646.
^ Samarajiwa SA, Wilson W, Hertzog PJ (2006). "Type I interferons: genetics and structure". In Meager A (ed.). The interferons: characterization and application. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 3–34. ISBN 978-3-527-31180-4.

[:0-1] Razaghi A, Brusselaers N, Björnstedt M, Durand-Dubief M (September 2021). "Copy number alteration of the interferon gene cluster in cancer: Individual patient data meta-analysis prospects to personalized immunotherapy". Neoplasia. 23 (10): 1059–1068. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2021.08.004. PMC 8458777. PMID 34555656.

[pmid15062646-2] Schultz U, Kaspers B, Staeheli P (May 2004). "The interferon system of non-mammalian vertebrates". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 28 (5): 499–508. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.009. PMID 15062646.

[3] Samarajiwa SA, Wilson W, Hertzog PJ (2006). "Type I interferons: genetics and structure". In Meager A (ed.). The interferons: characterization and application. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 3–34. ISBN 978-3-527-31180-4.

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