Interlaced video

"Interlaced" redirects here. For other uses, see Interlace.

Animation of an interlaced CRT TV display, showing odd and even fields being scanned in sequence, to display a full frame

Interlaced video (also known as interlaced scan) is a technique for doubling the perceived frame rate of a video display without consuming extra bandwidth. The interlaced signal contains two fields of a video frame captured consecutively. This enhances motion perception to the viewer, and reduces flicker by taking advantage of the characteristics of the human visual system. [1]

This effectively doubles the time resolution (also called temporal resolution) as compared to non-interlaced footage (for frame rates equal to field rates). Interlaced signals require a display that is natively capable of showing the individual fields in a sequential order. CRT displays and ALiS plasma displays are made for displaying interlaced signals.

Interlaced scan refers to one of two common methods for "painting" a video image on an electronic display screen (the other being progressive scan) by scanning or displaying each line or row of pixels. This technique uses two fields to create a frame. One field contains all odd-numbered lines in the image; the other contains all even-numbered lines.

Sometimes in interlaced video a field is called a frame which can lead to confusion.[2]

A Phase Alternating Line (PAL)-based television set display, for example, scans 50 fields every second (25 odd and 25 even). The two sets of 25 fields work together to create a full frame every 1/25 of a second (or 25 frames per second), but with interlacing create a new half frame every 1/50 of a second (or 50 fields per second).[3] To display interlaced video on progressive scan displays, playback applies deinterlacing to the video signal (which adds input lag).

The European Broadcasting Union argued against interlaced video in production and broadcasting. Until the early 2010s, they recommended 720p 50 fps (frames per second) for the current production format—and were working with the industry to introduce 1080p 50 as a future-proof production standard. 1080p 50 offers higher vertical resolution, better quality at lower bitrates, and easier conversion to other formats, such as 720p 50 and 1080i 50.[4][5] The main argument is that no matter how complex the deinterlacing algorithm may be, the artifacts in the interlaced signal cannot be completely eliminated because some information is lost between frames.

Despite arguments against it,[6][7] television standards organizations continue to support interlacing. It is still included in digital video transmission formats such as DV, DVB, and ATSC. New video compression standards like High Efficiency Video Coding are optimized for progressive scan video, but sometimes do support interlaced video.

  1. ^ "Interlaced scanning", Rudolf F. Graf (ed.), "Modern Dictionary of Electronics", Howard W. Sams, 1968
  2. ^ "InfoWorld". 11 June 1979.
  3. ^ "Interlacing". Luke's Video Guide. Archived from the original on April 5, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
  4. ^ "EBU R115-2005: FUTURE HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION SYSTEMS" (PDF). EBU. May 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
  5. ^ "10 things you need to know about... 1080p/50" (PDF). EBU. September 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  6. ^ Philip Laven (January 25, 2005). "EBU Technical Review No. 300 (October 2004)". EBU. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011.
  7. ^ Philip Laven (January 26, 2005). "EBU Technical Review No. 301". EBU. Archived from the original on June 16, 2006.