International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept

International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept (ILREC)
Program overview
CountryUnited States
Soviet Union
OrganizationNASA and Roscosmos
PurposeCrewed lunar exploration
StatusCancelled in concept phase
Program history
Cost$500 billion over 30 years
DurationStudy: 1993-1994
First flightPhase 1 Flight 1
First crewed flightPhase 1 Flight 4
Launch site(s) Baikonur Cosmodrome
Vehicle information
Crewed vehicle(s)ILREC Piloted Lander
Launch vehicle(s)Shuttle-C Energia


The International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept (ILREC) was a proposed mission architecture under President George H. W. Bush's Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) by Kent Joosten, an engineer at Johnson Space Center. The plan would have used the help of international partners, mainly the Soviet Union, to assemble a lunar base and sustainable lunar transportation service.