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In Russia, internet censorship is enforced on the basis of several laws and through several mechanisms. Since 2012, Russia maintains a centralized internet blacklist (known as the "single register") maintained by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor).
The list is used for the censorship of individual URLs, domain names, and IP addresses. It was originally introduced to block sites that contain materials advocating drug abuse and drug production, descriptions of suicide methods, and containing child pornography. It was subsequently amended to allow the blocking of materials that are classified as extremist by including them to the Federal List of Extremist Materials.[1] According to Freedom House, these regulations have been frequently abused to block criticism of the federal government or local administrations.[2][3]
A law prohibiting "abuse of mass media freedom" implements a process for the shutting down of online media outlets.[2] In March 2019 the bill which introduced fines for those who are deemed (by the government) to be spreading "fake news" and show "blatant disrespect" toward the state authorities was signed into law.[note 1]
In June 2020, the European Court of Human Rights ruled against Russia in a case involving the blocking of websites critical of the government (including that of Garry Kasparov), as the plaintiffs' freedom of speech had been violated.[8]
- ^ Paul Goble (2015-03-29). "FSB Increasingly Involved in Misuse of 'Anti-Extremism' Laws, SOVA Says". The Interpreter Magazine. Retrieved 2015-04-01.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
zapretnowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Russia's Putin signs law banning fake news, insulting the state online". Reuters. 2019-03-18. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
- ^ "Putin Signs 'Fake News,' 'Internet Insults' Bills Into Law". The Moscow Times. 2019-03-18. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
- ^ "Insulting Putin May Now Land You in Jail Under a New Russian Law". 2019-03-18. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
- ^ Sant, Shannon Van (18 March 2019). "Russia Criminalizes The Spread Of Online News Which 'Disrespects' The Government". NPR.org. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
- ^ "European Rights Court Faults Russia Over Website Blocking". Barron's. Agence France Presse. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
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