Intestine transplantation

Intestine transplantation
Resected diseased ileum. The prior removal of sections of small intestine for treatment of precursor conditions is the primary cause of short bowel syndrome (SBS), the leading cause of intestinal transplantation.
Other names	Small bowel transplantation
ICD-9-CM	46.97
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Intestine transplantation (intestinal transplantation, or small bowel transplantation) is the surgical replacement of the small intestine for chronic and acute cases of intestinal failure. While intestinal failure can oftentimes be treated with alternative therapies such as parenteral nutrition (PN), complications such as PN-associated liver disease and short bowel syndrome may make transplantation the only viable option. One of the rarest type of organ transplantation performed, intestine transplantation is becoming increasingly prevalent as a therapeutic option due to improvements in immunosuppressive regimens, surgical technique, PN, and the clinical management of pre and post-transplant patients.^{[citation needed]}